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JEE

JEE Preparation & Mock Tests

The Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is India's premier national engineering entrance assessment conducted by NTA for admission to NITs, IIITs, CFTIs, and qualification for JEE (Advanced) / IITs.

Master JEE Main & Advanced with our high-precision test series. Practice with authentic CBT interfaces, integer-value keypad simulations, real-time NTA score benchmarking, and comprehensive chapter analytics.

JEE (Main) Examination Scheme & Structure

Exam Mode Computer Based Test (CBT) Only
Drawing test for B.Arch is offline Pen & Paper on A4 sheet
Medium of Examination 13 Regional Languages
English, Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
Total Duration 3 Hours (180 Minutes)
4 Hours for PwD with scribe • 3.5 Hours for combined Paper 2A & 2B
Marking Scheme • +4 Marks for Correct Answer
• -1 Mark for Incorrect Answer (both Section A & B)
• 0 Marks for Unattempted
Numerical Entry (Section B) Virtual On-Screen Numeric Keypad
Enter integer value rounded off to the nearest whole integer
Official NTA Tie-Breaking Order 1. Math Score ➔ 2. Physics ➔ 3. Chemistry
Followed by lower negative-to-positive marks ratio across subjects
Scheme of Jee Main Examination (Paper 1, Paper 2A & Paper 2B Summary)
Paper Target Courses Subjects Question Type & Count Total Marks Duration
Paper 1 B.E. / B.Tech Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry 75 Questions
(20 MCQs + 5 Numerical per subject) 		300 3 Hours (180 mins)
Paper 2A B. Arch Mathematics, Aptitude, Drawing 77 Questions
(Math 25, Aptitude 50, Drawing 2) 		400 3 Hours (180 mins)
Paper 2B B. Planning Mathematics, Aptitude, Planning 100 Questions
(Math 25, Aptitude 50, Planning 25) 		400 3 Hours (180 mins)
Paper 2A & 2B B.Arch & B.Planning (Both) Math, Aptitude, Drawing, Planning 102 Questions
(Math 25, Aptitude 50, Drawing 2, Planning 25) 		500 3 Hours 30 mins

Branch-Specific Syllabi & Paper Structure

Target Degree Bachelor of Engineering / Technology (B.E. / B.Tech)
Exam Mode & Duration Computer Based Test (CBT) | 3 Hours (180 mins) Non-PwD / 4 Hours PwD
Total Questions & Marks 75 Compulsory Questions (25 each in Phys, Chem, Math) | 300 Marks
Section Structure Section A: 20 MCQs (Compulsory) | Section B: 5 Numerical Value Questions (Compulsory)
Marking & Penalty +4 Marks for correct answer, -1 Mark for incorrect answer in both Section A & Section B. Section B integer entered via virtual on-screen numeric keypad.
Subject Section A (MCQs) Section B (Numerical Value) Total Questions Total Marks
Mathematics 20 Questions 05 Questions 25 Questions 100 Marks
Physics 20 Questions 05 Questions 25 Questions 100 Marks
Chemistry 20 Questions 05 Questions 25 Questions 100 Marks
Total 60 Questions 15 Questions 75 Questions 300 Marks
Detailed Syllabus
3 Sections
Swipe
  • Units of measurements, System of units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements. Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
  • The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, speed and velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, relative velocity.
  • Motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion.
  • Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion, momentum, Newton's second Law of motion, impulse, Newton's third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces.
  • Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
  • Dynamics of uniform circular motion, centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.
  • Work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power.
  • The potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle. Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
  • Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body. Basic concepts of rotational motion, moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications.
  • The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.
  • The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler's law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential. Escape velocity, motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.
  • Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus and modulus of rigidity.
  • Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal's law and its applications, effect of gravity on fluid pressure, viscosity, Stoke's law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli's principle and its applications.
  • Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension: drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
  • Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.
  • Thermal equilibrium and the concept of temperature, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
  • Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, kinetic theory of gases: assumptions, the concept of pressure, kinetic interpretation of temperature, RMS speed of gas molecules, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases, mean free path, Avogadro's number.
  • Oscillations and periodic motion: time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation, phase, oscillations of a spring: restoring force and force constant, energy in S.H.M.: kinetic and potential energies, simple pendulum: derivation of expression for its time period.
  • Wave motion, longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of the travelling wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats.
  • Electric charges: conservation of charge, Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges, superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
  • Electric field: electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
  • Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
  • Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges, potential difference, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
  • Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel and capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.
  • Electric current: drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, I-V characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, series and parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance.
  • Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel.
  • Kirchhoff's laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, Metre Bridge.
  • Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop, Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid.
  • Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, the force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
  • Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field, para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
  • Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, induced emf and current, Lenz's law, eddy currents, self and mutual inductance.
  • Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage, reactance and impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC circuits, wattless current, AC generator and transformer.
  • Displacement current, electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays), applications of electromagnetic waves.
  • Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula, total internal reflection and its applications, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism, microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
  • Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens 'Principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference: Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Polarization: plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, uses of plane- polarized light and Polaroid.
  • Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.
  • Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.
  • Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
  • Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
  • 1. Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
  • 2. Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
  • 3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.
  • 4. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
  • 5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
  • 6. Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
  • 7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
  • 8. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
  • 9. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
  • 10. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
  • 11. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.
  • 12. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
  • 13. The focal length of: (i) Convex mirror, (ii) Concave mirror, and (iii) Convex lens, using the parallax method.
  • 14. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
  • 15. Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
  • 16. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
  • 17. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
  • 18. Identification of Diode, LED, Resistor, A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
  • Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory, Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound, Laws of chemical combination, Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, Chemical equations and stoichiometry.
  • Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect, spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model, dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom and its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions, variation of ψ and ψ² with r for 1s and 2s orbitals, various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s, p and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements and extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
  • Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
  • Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
  • Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules.
  • Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals, resonance.
  • Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy.
  • Elementary idea of metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding and its applications.
  • Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, entropy, types of processes.
  • The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat, internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity, Hess's law of constant heat summation, Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution.
  • The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes, ΔS of the universe and ΔG of the system as criteria for spontaneity. ΔG°(Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.
  • Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions, Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass using colligative properties, abnormal value of molar mass, van't Hoff factor and its significance.
  • Meaning of equilibrium is the concept of dynamic equilibrium.
  • Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes.
  • Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, the significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst, Le Chatelier's principle.
  • Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts, solubility products and buffer solutions.
  • Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number and balancing of redox reactions.
  • Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration, Kohlrausch's law and its applications.
  • Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement, Nernst equation and its applications, relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change, dry cell and lead accumulator, fuel cells.
  • Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst, elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bi-molecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).
  • Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.
  • Group -13 to Group 18 Elements
  • General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups, unique behaviour of the first element in each group.
  • Transition Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
  • Inner Transition Elements: Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and Lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.
  • Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory, ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism, Bonding: Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).
  • Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography - principles and their applications.
  • Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.
  • Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae, numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.
  • Tetravalency of carbon, shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p): classification of organic compounds based on functional groups and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
  • Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
  • Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic, free radicals, carbocations and carbanions, stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles.
  • Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
  • Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement.
  • Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions.
  • Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane), mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.
  • Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism, mechanism of electrophilic addition, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect), Ozonolysis and polymerization.
  • Alkynes - Acidic character, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides, polymerization.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity, mechanism of electrophilic substitution, halogenation, nitration. Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono- substituted benzene.
  • General methods of preparation, properties and reactions, nature of C-X bond, mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses, environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons and DDT.
  • General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.
  • ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS: Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer - Tiemann reaction. Ethers: Structure.
  • Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones, important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent, oxidation, reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen), the acidity of α -hydrogen. Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction, chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.
  • Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.
  • General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.
  • Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.
  • Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
  • General introduction and importance of biomolecules.
  • CARBOHYDRATES – Classification, aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose).
  • PROTEINS - Elementary idea of α -amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
  • VITAMINS – Classification and functions.
  • NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, biological functions of nucleic acids.
  • Hormones (General introduction)
  • Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds, detection of the following functional groups, hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds.
  • The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds, Mohr's salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
  • The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr's salt vs KMnO4.
  • Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+; Anions- CO32−, S2−, SO42−, NO3−, NO2−, Cl−, Br−, I− (Insoluble salts excluded).
  • Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: 1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4. 2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. 3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. 4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.
  • Sets and their representation; Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relations, type of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions.
  • Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Quadratic equations in real and complex number systems and their solutions; Relations between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.
  • Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants; Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix; Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices.
  • The fundamental principle of counting, permutations and combinations; Meaning of P(n, r) and C(n, r). Simple applications.
  • Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term and simple applications.
  • Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers, Relation between A.M and G.M.
  • Real-valued functions, algebra of functions; polynomial, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions; inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two, Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable.
  • Integral as an anti-derivative, Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.
  • Evaluation of simple integrals of the type: ∫dxx2+a2, ∫dxx2±a2, ∫dxa2−x2, ∫dxa2−x2, ∫dxax2+bx+c, ∫dxax2+bx+c, ∫(px+q)dxax2+bx+c, ∫(px+q)dxax2+bx+c, ∫a2±x2dx, ∫x2−a2dx.
  • The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves by simple curves in standard forms.
  • Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree, the solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation of the type dy/dx + p(x)y = q(x).
  • Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, sections formula, locus and its equation, the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the co-ordinate axis.
  • Straight line: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a line, co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
  • Circle, conic sections: A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms.
  • Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines and the angle between two intersecting lines. Equation of a line; Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation.
  • Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional spaces, scalar and vector products.
  • Measures of dispersion; calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data, calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data. Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variable.
  • Trigonometrical identities and trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometrical functions their properties.
Target Degree Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch)
Exam Mode CBT (Part I Math & Part II Aptitude) + Pen & Paper offline on A4 Sheet (Part III Drawing)
Total Questions & Marks 77 Questions | 400 Marks (Math 100M, Aptitude 200M, Drawing 100M)
Duration 3 Hours (180 mins) Non-PwD / 4 Hours PwD (3.5 Hours if combined with Paper 2B)
Marking Scheme +4 for correct, -1 for incorrect in Part I (Math) and Part II (Aptitude). No negative marking in Part III (Drawing Test). Two drawing questions evaluated out of 100 marks.
Part & Section Subject Number of Questions Marks Mode of Exam
Part I Mathematics (Section A: 20 MCQs + Section B: 5 Numerical) 25 Questions 100 Marks Computer Based Test (CBT)
Part II Aptitude Test (Awareness of Places, Materials & 3D Visualization) 50 MCQs 200 Marks Computer Based Test (CBT)
Part III Drawing Test (Sketching of urban scenes, 2D/3D compositions) 02 Questions 100 Marks Offline Pen & Paper (A4 Sheet)
Total Paper 2A (B.Arch) 77 Questions 400 Marks 3 Hours (180 mins)
Detailed Syllabus
3 Sections
Swipe
  • Sets and their representation; Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relations, type of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions.
  • Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Quadratic equations in real and complex number systems and their solutions; Relations between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.
  • Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants; Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix; Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices.
  • The fundamental principle of counting, permutations and combinations; Meaning of P(n, r) and C(n, r). Simple applications.
  • Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term and simple applications.
  • Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers, Relation between A.M and G.M.
  • Real-valued functions, algebra of functions; polynomial, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions; inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two, Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable.
  • Integral as an anti-derivative, Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.
  • Evaluation of simple integrals of the type: ∫dxx2+a2, ∫dxx2±a2, ∫dxa2−x2, ∫dxa2−x2, ∫dxax2+bx+c, ∫dxax2+bx+c, ∫(px+q)dxax2+bx+c, ∫(px+q)dxax2+bx+c, ∫a2±x2dx, ∫x2−a2dx.
  • The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves by simple curves in standard forms.
  • Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree, the solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation of the type dy/dx + p(x)y = q(x).
  • Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, sections formula, locus and its equation, the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the co-ordinate axis.
  • Straight line: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a line, co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
  • Circle, conic sections: A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms.
  • Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines and the angle between two intersecting lines. Equation of a line; Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation.
  • Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional spaces, scalar and vector products.
  • Measures of dispersion; calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data, calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data. Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variable.
  • Trigonometrical identities and trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometrical functions their properties.
  • Objects, Texture related to Architecture and Build-environment, Visualizing three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings. Visualizing. Different sides of three-dimensional objects. Analytical Reasoning Mental Ability (Visual, Numerical and Verbal).
  • Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportions of objects, building forms and elements, colour texture harmony and contrast Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms both 2D and 3D union, subtraction rotation, development of surfaces and volumes, Generation of plans, elevations and 3D views of objects, creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.
  • Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urbanscape (public space, market, festivals, street scenes, monuments, recreational spaces, etc.). landscape (riverfronts. Jungle. Gardens, trees. Plants, etc.) and rural life.
  • Note: Candidates are advised to bring pencils, own geometry box set, erasers and colour pencils and crayons for the Drawing Test.
Target Degree Bachelor of Planning (B.Planning)
Exam Mode Computer Based Test (CBT) Only for all 3 Parts
Total Questions & Marks 100 Questions | 400 Marks (Math 100M, Aptitude 200M, Planning 100M)
Duration 3 Hours (180 mins) Non-PwD / 4 Hours PwD (3.5 Hours if combined with Paper 2A)
Marking Scheme +4 for correct, -1 for incorrect in Part I (Math), Part II (Aptitude), and Part III (Planning Questions). 0 marks for unattempted.
Part & Section Subject Number of Questions Marks Mode of Exam
Part I Mathematics (Section A: 20 MCQs + Section B: 5 Numerical) 25 Questions 100 Marks Computer Based Test (CBT)
Part II Aptitude Test (Visual Reasoning & Mental Ability) 50 MCQs 200 Marks Computer Based Test (CBT)
Part III Planning Based Questions (Urban schemes, Map reading, Spatial) 25 MCQs 100 Marks Computer Based Test (CBT)
Total Paper 2B (B.Planning) 100 Questions 400 Marks 3 Hours (180 mins)
Detailed Syllabus
3 Sections
Swipe
  • Sets and their representation; Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relations, type of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions.
  • Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Quadratic equations in real and complex number systems and their solutions; Relations between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.
  • Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants; Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix; Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices.
  • The fundamental principle of counting, permutations and combinations; Meaning of P(n, r) and C(n, r). Simple applications.
  • Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term and simple applications.
  • Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers, Relation between A.M and G.M.
  • Real-valued functions, algebra of functions; polynomial, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions; inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two, Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable.
  • Integral as an anti-derivative, Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.
  • Evaluation of simple integrals of the type: ∫dxx2+a2, ∫dxx2±a2, ∫dxa2−x2, ∫dxa2−x2, ∫dxax2+bx+c, ∫dxax2+bx+c, ∫(px+q)dxax2+bx+c, ∫(px+q)dxax2+bx+c, ∫a2±x2dx, ∫x2−a2dx.
  • The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves by simple curves in standard forms.
  • Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree, the solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation of the type dy/dx + p(x)y = q(x).
  • Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, sections formula, locus and its equation, the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the co-ordinate axis.
  • Straight line: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a line, co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
  • Circle, conic sections: A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms.
  • Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines and the angle between two intersecting lines. Equation of a line; Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation.
  • Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional spaces, scalar and vector products.
  • Measures of dispersion; calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data, calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data. Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variable.
  • Trigonometrical identities and trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometrical functions their properties.
  • Objects, Texture related to Architecture and Build-environment, Visualizing three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings. Visualizing. Different sides of three-dimensional objects. Analytical Reasoning Mental Ability (Visual, Numerical and Verbal).
  • Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportions of objects, building forms and elements, colour texture harmony and contrast Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms both 2D and 3D union, subtraction rotation, development of surfaces and volumes, Generation of plans, elevations and 3D views of objects, creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.
  • General knowledge questions and knowledge about prominent cities, development issues, government programs etc.
  • The idea of nationalism, nationalism in India, pre-modern world, 19th-century global economy, colonialism and colonial cities, industrialization, resources and development, types of resources, agriculture, water, mineral resources, industries, national economy; Human Settlements.
  • Power-sharing, federalism, political parties, democracy, the constitution of India.
  • Economic development- economic sectors, globalization, the concept of development, poverty; Population structure, social exclusion and inequality, urbanization, rural development, colonial cities.
  • Comprehension (unseen passage); map reading skills, scale, distance, direction, area etc.; critical reasoning; understanding of charts, graphs and tables; basic concepts of statistics and quantitative reasoning.
Target Institutes Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
Exam Mode & Schedule Computer Based Test (CBT) | 2 Mandatory Shifts on Same Day (Paper 1 & Paper 2)
Total Subjects Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (tested in both Paper 1 & Paper 2)
Question Formats Single Correct MCQs, Multi-Correct MCQs (with partial marking), Numerical Integers, Matrix Match
Total Marks & Duration Approx. 360 Marks total | 6 Hours (3 Hours for Paper 1 + 3 Hours for Paper 2)
Marking Scheme Comprehensive variable marking scheme: Full marks, partial marks for multi-correct questions, and negative marks (-1 or -2) for incorrect options.
Paper Subjects Included Exam Timings Duration Question Types
Paper 1 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics Morning Shift (09:00 - 12:00) 3 Hours (180 mins) MCQs, Multi-Correct, Numerical Integers
Paper 2 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics Afternoon Shift (14:30 - 17:30) 3 Hours (180 mins) MCQs, Multi-Correct, Numerical Integers, Matrix Match
Total Both Papers Mandatory for Merit Same Day (2 Shifts) 6 Hours (360 mins) Comprehensive Engineering Aptitude
Detailed Syllabus
2 Papers
Swipe
3 Subject Sections: Swipe
  • General Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least count, significant figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier callipers and screw gauge (micrometre), Determination of g using simple pendulum, Young’s modulus - elasticity of the material, Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents. Specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v method, Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s law using voltmeter and ammeter, and specific resistance of the material of a wire using meter bridge and post office box.
  • Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles; Uniform circular motion; Relative velocity.
  • Newton’s laws of motion; Inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference; Static and dynamic friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work and power; Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy.
  • Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion; Impulse; Elastic and inelastic collisions.
  • Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses with rigid bodies. Forced and damped oscillation (in one dimension), resonance.
  • Linear and angular simple harmonic motions.
  • Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus.
  • Law of gravitation; Gravitational potential and field; Acceleration due to gravity; Kepler’s law, Geostationary orbits, Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity.
  • Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’s law; Buoyancy; Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Viscosity (Poiseuille’s equation excluded), Modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus in mechanics. Stoke’s law; Terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Wave motion (plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves; Progressive and stationary waves; Vibration of strings and air columns; Resonance; Beats; Speed of sound in gases; Doppler effect (in sound).
  • Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat conduction in one dimension; Elementary concepts of convection and radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws; Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic gases); Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases); Second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine and its efficiency; Blackbody radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.
  • Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; Electric field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its application in simple cases, such as, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
  • Capacitance; Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; Capacitors in series and parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor.
  • Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and parallel arrangements of resistances and cells; Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications; Heating effect of current.
  • Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law; Magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field.
  • Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop; Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions.
  • Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law; Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR, LC and LCR (in series) circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources.
  • Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
  • Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin lenses; Magnification.
  • Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference limited to Young’s double slit experiment.
  • Diffraction due to a single slit. Polarization of light, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, Polaroids.
  • Atomic nucleus; α, β and γ radiations; Law of radioactive decay; Decay constant; Half-life and mean life; Binding energy and its calculation; Fission and fusion processes; Energy calculation in these processes. Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms; Characteristic and continuous X-rays, Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter waves.
  • Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept and stoichiometry) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions; Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
  • Gas laws and ideal gas equation, absolute scale of temperature; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Diffusion of gases. Intermolecular interactions: types, distance dependence, and their effect on properties; Liquids: vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.
  • Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom: Energies, quantum numbers, wave function and probability density (plots only), shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.
  • Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; Molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species (up to Ne2); Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment; VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
  • Intensive and extensive properties, state functions, First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work (pressure-volume only) and heat; Enthalpy, heat capacity, standard state, Hess’s law; Enthalpy of reaction, fusion and vaporization, and lattice enthalpy; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Gibbs energy; Criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity.
  • Law of mass action; Significance of ΔG and ΔG⦵ in chemical equilibrium; Equilibrium constant (Kp and Kc) and reaction quotient, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Solubility product and its applications, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Brønsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.
  • Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; Electrochemical work, Nernst equation; Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law; Batteries: Primary and Secondary, fuel cells; Corrosion.
  • Rates of chemical reactions; Order and molecularity of reactions; Rate law, rate constant, half-life; Differential and integrated rate expressions for zero and first order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation and activation energy); Catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism.
  • Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic and hexagonal), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii and radius ratio, point defects.
  • Henry’s law; Raoult’s law; Ideal solutions; Colligative properties: lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor.
  • Elementary concepts of adsorption: Physisorption and Chemisorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm; Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples).
  • Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table; electronic configuration of elements; periodic trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, electronegativity, and chemical reactivity.
  • Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, use and structure; hydrogen as a fuel.
  • Alkali and alkaline earth metals-reactivity towards air, water, dihydrogen, halogens, acids; their reducing nature including solutions in liquid ammonia; uses of these elements; general characteristics of their oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids; anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium; preparation, properties, and uses of compounds of sodium (sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate) and calcium (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate).
  • Oxidation state and trends in chemical reactivity of elements of groups 13-17; anomalous properties of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine with respect to other elements in their respective groups.
  • Group 13: Reactivity towards acids, alkalis, and halogens; preparation, properties, and uses of borax, orthoboric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums; uses of boron and aluminium.
  • Group 14: Reactivity towards water and halogen; allotropes of carbon and uses of carbon; preparation, properties, and uses of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide, silicones, silicates, zeolites.
  • Group 15: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen; allotropes of phosphorous; preparation, properties, and uses of dinitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride; oxides of nitrogen and oxoacids of phosphorus.
  • Group 16: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen; simple oxides; allotropes of sulphur; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses of dioxygen, ozone, sulphur dioxide, sulfuric acid; oxoacids of sulphur.
  • Group 17: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and metals; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and interhalogen compounds; oxoacids of halogens, bleaching powder.
  • Group 18: Chemical properties and uses; compounds of xenon with fluorine and oxygen.
  • Oxidation states and their stability; standard electrode potentials; interstitial compounds; alloys; catalytic properties; applications; preparation, structure, and reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese.
  • Lanthanoid and actinoid contractions; oxidation states; general characteristics.
  • Werner’s theory; Nomenclature, cis-trans and ionization isomerism, hybridization and geometries (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral) of mononuclear coordination compounds; Bonding [VBT and CFT (octahedral and tetrahedral fields)]; Magnetic properties (spin-only) and colour of 3d-series coordination compounds; Ligands and spectrochemical series; Stability; Importance and applications; Metal carbonyls.
  • Metal ores and their concentration; extraction of crude metal from concentrated ores: thermodynamic (iron, copper, zinc) and electrochemical (aluminium) principles of metallurgy; cyanide process (silver and gold); refining.
  • Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), carbonate and bicarbonate, sulphate and sulphide.
  • Atmospheric pollution; water pollution; soil pollution; industrial waste; strategies to control environmental pollution; green chemistry.
  • Hybridisation of carbon; σ and π-bonds; Shapes of simple organic molecules; aromaticity; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Stereoisomers and stereochemical relationship (enantiomers, diastereomers, meso) of compounds containing only up to two asymmetric centres (R,S and E,Z configurations excluded); Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds by combustion method only; IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules (hydrocarbons, including simple cyclic hydrocarbons and their mono-functional and bi-functional derivatives only); Hydrogen bonding effects; Inductive, Resonance and Hyperconjugative effects; Acidity and basicity of organic compounds; Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
  • Homologous series; Physical properties (melting points, boiling points and density) and effect of branching on them; Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections only); Preparation from alkyl halides and aliphatic carboxylic acids; Reactions: combustion, halogenation (including allylic and benzylic halogenation) and oxidation.
  • Physical properties (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Preparation by elimination reactions; Acid catalysed hydration (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Metal acetylides; Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX, (X=halogen); Effect of peroxide on addition reactions; cyclic polymerization reaction of alkynes.
  • Structure; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of directing groups (monosubstituted benzene) in these reactions.
  • Physical properties; Preparation, Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation); Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe reaction; Esterification; Etherification; Aspirin synthesis; Oxidation and reduction reactions of phenol.
  • Rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation; Grignard reactions; Nucleophilic substitution reactions and their stereochemical aspects.
  • Physical properties; Reactions: esterification, dehydration (formation of alkenes and ethers); Reactions with: sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, thionyl chloride; Conversion of alcohols into aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.
  • Preparation by Williamson’s synthesis; C-O bond cleavage reactions.
  • Preparation of: aldehydes and ketones from acid chlorides and nitriles; aldehydes from esters; benzaldehyde from toluene and benzene; Reactions: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction; Haloform reaction; Nucleophilic addition reaction with RMgX, NaHSO3, HCN, alcohol, amine.
  • Physical properties; Preparation: from nitriles, Grignard reagents, hydrolysis of esters and amides; Preparation of benzoic acid from alkylbenzenes; Reactions: reduction, halogenation, formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides.
  • Preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles and amides; Reactions: Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis; Reaction with nitrous acid, Azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines; Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; Carbylamine reaction, Hinsberg test, Alkylation and acylation reactions.
  • Reactions: Fittig, Wurtz-Fittig; Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding benzyne mechanism and cine substitution).
  • Carbohydrates: Classification; Mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation; Reduction; Glycoside formation and hydrolysis of disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose); Anomers.
  • Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide linkage; Structure of peptides (primary and secondary); Types of proteins (fibrous and globular).
  • Nucleic acids: Chemical composition and structure of DNA and RNA.
  • Types of polymerization (addition, condensation); Homo and copolymers; Natural rubber; Cellulose; Nylon; Teflon; Bakelite; PVC; Bio-degradable polymers; Applications of polymers.
  • Drug-target interaction; Therapeutic action, and examples (excluding structures), of antacids, antihistamines, tranquilizers, analgesics, antimicrobials, and antifertility drugs; Artificial sweeteners (names only); Soaps, detergents, and cleansing action.
  • Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro.
  • Sets and their representations, different kinds of sets (empty, finite and infinite), algebra of sets, intersection, complement, difference and symmetric difference of sets and their algebraic properties, De-Morgan’s laws on union, intersection, difference (for finite number of sets) and practical problems based on them.
  • Cartesian product of finite sets, ordered pair, relations, domain and codomain of relations, equivalence relation.
  • Function as a special case of relation, functions as mappings, domain, codomain, range of functions, invertible functions, even and odd functions, into, onto and one-to-one functions, special functions (polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, power, absolute value, greatest integer, etc.), sum, difference, product and composition of functions.
  • Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations.
  • Statement of fundamental theorem of algebra, Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots.
  • Arithmetic and geometric progressions, arithmetic and geometric means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sum of the first n natural numbers, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers.
  • Logarithms and their properties, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients.
  • Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, elementary row and column transformations, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three, adjoint of a matrix, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables.
  • Random experiment, sample space, different types of events (impossible, simple, compound), addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, independence of events, total probability, Bayes’ Theorem, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations.
  • Measure of central tendency and dispersion, mean, median, mode, mean deviation, standard deviation and variance of grouped and ungrouped data, analysis of the frequency distribution with same mean but different variance, random variable, mean and variance of the random variable.
  • Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations.
  • Inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only) and their elementary properties.
  • Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin.
  • Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line; Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
  • Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord. Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line.
  • Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal.
  • Locus problems.
  • Three dimensions: Distance between two points, direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, angle between two lines, angle between two planes, angle between a line and the plane, coplanar lines.
  • Limit of a function at a real number, continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, L’ Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions.
  • Continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions.
  • Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
  • Tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, derivatives of order two, maximum and minimum values of a function, Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s mean value theorem, geometric interpretation of the two theorems, derivatives up to order two of implicit functions, geometric interpretation of derivatives.
  • Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals as the limit of sums, definite integral and their properties, fundamental theorem of integral calculus.
  • Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas bounded by simple curves. Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree, separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.
  • Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar and vector triple products, and their geometrical interpretations.
3 Subject Sections: Swipe
  • General Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least count, significant figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier callipers and screw gauge (micrometre), Determination of g using simple pendulum, Young’s modulus - elasticity of the material, Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents. Specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v method, Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s law using voltmeter and ammeter, and specific resistance of the material of a wire using meter bridge and post office box.
  • Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles; Uniform circular motion; Relative velocity.
  • Newton’s laws of motion; Inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference; Static and dynamic friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work and power; Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy.
  • Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion; Impulse; Elastic and inelastic collisions.
  • Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses with rigid bodies. Forced and damped oscillation (in one dimension), resonance.
  • Linear and angular simple harmonic motions.
  • Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus.
  • Law of gravitation; Gravitational potential and field; Acceleration due to gravity; Kepler’s law, Geostationary orbits, Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity.
  • Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’s law; Buoyancy; Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Viscosity (Poiseuille’s equation excluded), Modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus in mechanics. Stoke’s law; Terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Wave motion (plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves; Progressive and stationary waves; Vibration of strings and air columns; Resonance; Beats; Speed of sound in gases; Doppler effect (in sound).
  • Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat conduction in one dimension; Elementary concepts of convection and radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws; Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic gases); Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases); Second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine and its efficiency; Blackbody radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.
  • Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; Electric field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its application in simple cases, such as, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
  • Capacitance; Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; Capacitors in series and parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor.
  • Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and parallel arrangements of resistances and cells; Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications; Heating effect of current.
  • Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law; Magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field.
  • Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop; Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions.
  • Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law; Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR, LC and LCR (in series) circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources.
  • Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
  • Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin lenses; Magnification.
  • Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference limited to Young’s double slit experiment.
  • Diffraction due to a single slit. Polarization of light, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, Polaroids.
  • Atomic nucleus; α, β and γ radiations; Law of radioactive decay; Decay constant; Half-life and mean life; Binding energy and its calculation; Fission and fusion processes; Energy calculation in these processes. Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms; Characteristic and continuous X-rays, Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter waves.
  • Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept and stoichiometry) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions; Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
  • Gas laws and ideal gas equation, absolute scale of temperature; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Diffusion of gases. Intermolecular interactions: types, distance dependence, and their effect on properties; Liquids: vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.
  • Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom: Energies, quantum numbers, wave function and probability density (plots only), shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.
  • Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; Molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species (up to Ne2); Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment; VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
  • Intensive and extensive properties, state functions, First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work (pressure-volume only) and heat; Enthalpy, heat capacity, standard state, Hess’s law; Enthalpy of reaction, fusion and vaporization, and lattice enthalpy; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Gibbs energy; Criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity.
  • Law of mass action; Significance of ΔG and ΔG⦵ in chemical equilibrium; Equilibrium constant (Kp and Kc) and reaction quotient, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Solubility product and its applications, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Brønsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.
  • Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; Electrochemical work, Nernst equation; Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law; Batteries: Primary and Secondary, fuel cells; Corrosion.
  • Rates of chemical reactions; Order and molecularity of reactions; Rate law, rate constant, half-life; Differential and integrated rate expressions for zero and first order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation and activation energy); Catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism.
  • Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic and hexagonal), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii and radius ratio, point defects.
  • Henry’s law; Raoult’s law; Ideal solutions; Colligative properties: lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor.
  • Elementary concepts of adsorption: Physisorption and Chemisorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm; Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples).
  • Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table; electronic configuration of elements; periodic trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, electronegativity, and chemical reactivity.
  • Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, use and structure; hydrogen as a fuel.
  • Alkali and alkaline earth metals-reactivity towards air, water, dihydrogen, halogens, acids; their reducing nature including solutions in liquid ammonia; uses of these elements; general characteristics of their oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids; anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium; preparation, properties, and uses of compounds of sodium (sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate) and calcium (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate).
  • Oxidation state and trends in chemical reactivity of elements of groups 13-17; anomalous properties of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine with respect to other elements in their respective groups.
  • Group 13: Reactivity towards acids, alkalis, and halogens; preparation, properties, and uses of borax, orthoboric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums; uses of boron and aluminium.
  • Group 14: Reactivity towards water and halogen; allotropes of carbon and uses of carbon; preparation, properties, and uses of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide, silicones, silicates, zeolites.
  • Group 15: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen; allotropes of phosphorous; preparation, properties, and uses of dinitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride; oxides of nitrogen and oxoacids of phosphorus.
  • Group 16: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen; simple oxides; allotropes of sulphur; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses of dioxygen, ozone, sulphur dioxide, sulfuric acid; oxoacids of sulphur.
  • Group 17: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and metals; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and interhalogen compounds; oxoacids of halogens, bleaching powder.
  • Group 18: Chemical properties and uses; compounds of xenon with fluorine and oxygen.
  • Oxidation states and their stability; standard electrode potentials; interstitial compounds; alloys; catalytic properties; applications; preparation, structure, and reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese.
  • Lanthanoid and actinoid contractions; oxidation states; general characteristics.
  • Werner’s theory; Nomenclature, cis-trans and ionization isomerism, hybridization and geometries (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral) of mononuclear coordination compounds; Bonding [VBT and CFT (octahedral and tetrahedral fields)]; Magnetic properties (spin-only) and colour of 3d-series coordination compounds; Ligands and spectrochemical series; Stability; Importance and applications; Metal carbonyls.
  • Metal ores and their concentration; extraction of crude metal from concentrated ores: thermodynamic (iron, copper, zinc) and electrochemical (aluminium) principles of metallurgy; cyanide process (silver and gold); refining.
  • Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), carbonate and bicarbonate, sulphate and sulphide.
  • Atmospheric pollution; water pollution; soil pollution; industrial waste; strategies to control environmental pollution; green chemistry.
  • Hybridisation of carbon; σ and π-bonds; Shapes of simple organic molecules; aromaticity; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Stereoisomers and stereochemical relationship (enantiomers, diastereomers, meso) of compounds containing only up to two asymmetric centres (R,S and E,Z configurations excluded); Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds by combustion method only; IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules (hydrocarbons, including simple cyclic hydrocarbons and their mono-functional and bi-functional derivatives only); Hydrogen bonding effects; Inductive, Resonance and Hyperconjugative effects; Acidity and basicity of organic compounds; Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
  • Homologous series; Physical properties (melting points, boiling points and density) and effect of branching on them; Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections only); Preparation from alkyl halides and aliphatic carboxylic acids; Reactions: combustion, halogenation (including allylic and benzylic halogenation) and oxidation.
  • Physical properties (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Preparation by elimination reactions; Acid catalysed hydration (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Metal acetylides; Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX, (X=halogen); Effect of peroxide on addition reactions; cyclic polymerization reaction of alkynes.
  • Structure; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of directing groups (monosubstituted benzene) in these reactions.
  • Physical properties; Preparation, Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation); Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe reaction; Esterification; Etherification; Aspirin synthesis; Oxidation and reduction reactions of phenol.
  • Rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation; Grignard reactions; Nucleophilic substitution reactions and their stereochemical aspects.
  • Physical properties; Reactions: esterification, dehydration (formation of alkenes and ethers); Reactions with: sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, thionyl chloride; Conversion of alcohols into aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.
  • Preparation by Williamson’s synthesis; C-O bond cleavage reactions.
  • Preparation of: aldehydes and ketones from acid chlorides and nitriles; aldehydes from esters; benzaldehyde from toluene and benzene; Reactions: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction; Haloform reaction; Nucleophilic addition reaction with RMgX, NaHSO3, HCN, alcohol, amine.
  • Physical properties; Preparation: from nitriles, Grignard reagents, hydrolysis of esters and amides; Preparation of benzoic acid from alkylbenzenes; Reactions: reduction, halogenation, formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides.
  • Preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles and amides; Reactions: Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis; Reaction with nitrous acid, Azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines; Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; Carbylamine reaction, Hinsberg test, Alkylation and acylation reactions.
  • Reactions: Fittig, Wurtz-Fittig; Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding benzyne mechanism and cine substitution).
  • Carbohydrates: Classification; Mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation; Reduction; Glycoside formation and hydrolysis of disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose); Anomers.
  • Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide linkage; Structure of peptides (primary and secondary); Types of proteins (fibrous and globular).
  • Nucleic acids: Chemical composition and structure of DNA and RNA.
  • Types of polymerization (addition, condensation); Homo and copolymers; Natural rubber; Cellulose; Nylon; Teflon; Bakelite; PVC; Bio-degradable polymers; Applications of polymers.
  • Drug-target interaction; Therapeutic action, and examples (excluding structures), of antacids, antihistamines, tranquilizers, analgesics, antimicrobials, and antifertility drugs; Artificial sweeteners (names only); Soaps, detergents, and cleansing action.
  • Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro.
  • Sets and their representations, different kinds of sets (empty, finite and infinite), algebra of sets, intersection, complement, difference and symmetric difference of sets and their algebraic properties, De-Morgan’s laws on union, intersection, difference (for finite number of sets) and practical problems based on them.
  • Cartesian product of finite sets, ordered pair, relations, domain and codomain of relations, equivalence relation.
  • Function as a special case of relation, functions as mappings, domain, codomain, range of functions, invertible functions, even and odd functions, into, onto and one-to-one functions, special functions (polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, power, absolute value, greatest integer, etc.), sum, difference, product and composition of functions.
  • Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations.
  • Statement of fundamental theorem of algebra, Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots.
  • Arithmetic and geometric progressions, arithmetic and geometric means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sum of the first n natural numbers, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers.
  • Logarithms and their properties, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients.
  • Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, elementary row and column transformations, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three, adjoint of a matrix, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables.
  • Random experiment, sample space, different types of events (impossible, simple, compound), addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, independence of events, total probability, Bayes’ Theorem, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations.
  • Measure of central tendency and dispersion, mean, median, mode, mean deviation, standard deviation and variance of grouped and ungrouped data, analysis of the frequency distribution with same mean but different variance, random variable, mean and variance of the random variable.
  • Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations.
  • Inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only) and their elementary properties.
  • Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin.
  • Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line; Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
  • Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord. Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line.
  • Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal.
  • Locus problems.
  • Three dimensions: Distance between two points, direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, angle between two lines, angle between two planes, angle between a line and the plane, coplanar lines.
  • Limit of a function at a real number, continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, L’ Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions.
  • Continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions.
  • Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
  • Tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, derivatives of order two, maximum and minimum values of a function, Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s mean value theorem, geometric interpretation of the two theorems, derivatives up to order two of implicit functions, geometric interpretation of derivatives.
  • Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals as the limit of sums, definite integral and their properties, fundamental theorem of integral calculus.
  • Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas bounded by simple curves. Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree, separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.
  • Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar and vector triple products, and their geometrical interpretations.
Exam Mode

Computer Based Test (CBT)

Total Marks

300 M (Paper 1) / 400 M (Paper 2A/2B)

Total Questions

75 (Paper 1), 77 (Paper 2A), 100 (Paper 2B)

Marking Scheme

+4 for correct, -1 for incorrect (Both Sec A & B)

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