Question Details

A fruit seller has a stock of mangoes, bananas and apples with at least one fruit of each type. At the beginning of a day, the number of mangoes make up 40% of his stock. That day, he sells half of the mangoes, 96 bananas and 40% of the apples. At the end of the day, he ends up selling 50% of the fruits. The smallest possible total number of fruits in the stock at the beginning of the day is

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Correct Answer :

340

Solution :

Let the total number of fruits in the stock at the beginning of the day be N.
Let M be the number of mangoes, B be the number of bananas, and A be the number of apples in the initial stock.
We are given that there is at least one fruit of each type initially, so M>0, B>0, and A>0 are integers.

According to the problem statement, at the beginning of the day, mangoes make up 40% of the total stock:
M=0.40N

Since the number of mangoes M must be an integer, we can write:
M=25N
This implies that N must be a multiple of 5. Let N=5k for some positive integer k. Then:
M=2k

The remaining 60% of the initial stock consists of bananas and apples:
B+A=0.60N=3k

Next, let's look at the fruits sold during the day:
- Mangoes sold: half of the mangoes = 12M=12(2k)=k
- Bananas sold: 96
- Apples sold: 40% of the apples = 0.40A=25A

The total number of fruits sold is given as 50% of the initial stock:
Total sold = 0.50N=52k

Setting up the equation for the total fruits sold:
k+96+25A=52k

Rearranging the equation to solve for A in terms of k:
96+25A=52k-k
96+25A=32k
Multiply the entire equation by 10 to clear denominators:
960+4A=15k
4A=15k-960
A=15k-9604

Since the number of apples A must be a positive integer, 15k-960 must be positive and divisible by 4:
1. For A>0:
15k-960>015k>960k>64
2. For A to be an integer, 15k-960 must be a multiple of 4. Since 960 is divisible by 4, 15k must also be divisible by 4. Because 15 and 4 share no common factors, k must be a multiple of 4.

Additionally, the number of bananas B must be a positive integer, and at least 96 bananas must have been sold (so B96):
B=3k-A96
Substitute the expression for A into this inequality:
3k-15k-960496
Multiply the inequality by 4:
12k-(15k-960)384
-3k+960384
960-3843k
5763kk192

Furthermore, since the vendor sells 40% of the apples, the number of apples A must be a multiple of 5 so that the number of apples sold is an integer:
A=15k-9604=5m (where m is a positive integer)
15k-9604=5m15k-960=20m
Divide by 5:
3k-192=4m
Since 192 and 4m are divisible by 4, 3k must be divisible by 4, which again means k is a multiple of 4.

To find the smallest possible total number of fruits N=5k, we need to find the smallest possible integer value of k that satisfies our constraints:
1. k>64
2. k is a multiple of 4.
The smallest multiple of 4 strictly greater than 64 is:
k=68

Let's check if k=68 yields integer values for M, A, and B:
- M=2k=2(68)=136 (an integer)
- A=15(68)-9604=1020-9604=604=15 (an integer, and 0.40×15=6 apples sold is also an integer)
- B=3k-A=3(68)-15=204-15=189 (an integer, and 18996)

All values are valid positive integers. Thus, the smallest possible total number of fruits in the stock at the beginning of the day is:
N=5k=5×68=340

The correct answer is 340.

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