(a) Name the category of drugs represented by the chemical structure given below. (b) If the methyl group is substituted by acetyl group we get a bitter crystalline compound. Name the compound. (c) Name the natural source of these compounds. (d) State the harmful effects of this class of drugs on the human body.
Correct Answer :
(a) Opioids / Morphine
(b) Diacetylmorphine/Smack
(c) Papaver somniferum/Poppy plant
(d) Slows down body function, act as depressant
Solution :
Based on the provided correct option, the answers to the questions are:
(a) Category of drugs/Chemical: Opioids / Morphine
(b) Compound formed: Diacetylmorphine / Smack
(c) Natural source: Papaver somniferum / Poppy plant
(d) Harmful effects: Slows down body function, acts as a depressant
Step-by-Step Explanation:
(a) Identification of the Chemical Structure:
The image displays the complex molecular structure of morphine, which is characterized by a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene ring system, an ether linkage (represented by the O bridge on the left), two hydroxyl groups (indicated by the HO- at the top left and the HO with a dashed bond at the bottom left), and a tertiary amine nitrogen bonded to a methyl group (indicated by the N-CH3 group on the right). Morphine belongs to the class of drugs known as opioids, which interact with specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract.
(b) Acetylation to form Heroin / Smack:
When morphine undergoes acetylation (where the hydroxyl groups are acetylated/substituted by acetyl groups, ), it forms diacetylmorphine. Diacetylmorphine is commonly known as heroin or smack. Chemically, it is a white, odorless, bitter, crystalline compound.
(c) Natural Source:
Opioids like morphine are naturally extracted from the latex of the unripe seed pods of the poppy plant, scientifically classified as Papaver somniferum.
(d) Harmful Effects on the Human Body:
Heroin (diacetylmorphine) acts as a strong central nervous system depressant. It significantly slows down body functions, reduces physical coordination, decreases respiratory activity, and can lead to severe addiction, physical dependence, and cognitive decline over prolonged abuse.
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