A test which aims to identify an individual student’s specific areas of weakness and strength is known as :

The correct answer is Diagnostic test.

Explanation and Analysis:

1. Understanding Diagnostic Tests:
A Diagnostic test is specifically designed to assess a learner's strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to or during instruction. Its primary purpose is to identify specific learning gaps and areas where a student may be struggling so that educators can tailor instruction, remediation, or intervention to meet individual student needs.

2. Analyzing the Other Options:

• Formative test: Conducted during the learning process to monitor ongoing student progress and provide feedback, but its main focus is ongoing learning monitoring rather than pinpointing specific, detailed diagnostic weaknesses.

• Objective test: Refers to a test format (such as multiple-choice or true/false) where questions have single, predetermined correct answers to eliminate subjective grading, rather than a pedagogical purpose for assessment.

• Validity test: Refers to evaluating whether an assessment instrument accurately measures what it intends to measure, which is a psychometric property of a test, not a student evaluation tool.

Therefore, a test designed specifically to identify a student's particular strengths and weaknesses is called a Diagnostic test.