Question Details

Analyze the statements below and determine which of the conclusions logically follows, assuming the statements to be absolutely true even if they contradict reality.

Statements:
Some Violins are Instruments
No Piano is a Violin
0% of Instruments are Brass
Conclusions:
I. Some Violins can be Brass
II. No Brass is a Piano

Options

A

If neither conclusion I nor II follows

B

If only conclusion II follows

C

If both conclusions I and II follow

D

If either conclusion I or II follows

E

If only conclusion I follows

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option E

If only conclusion I follows

Solution :

Correct Answer: If only conclusion I follows

Let us analyze the given statements step-by-step using logical rules of syllogism:

Given Statements:
1. Some Violins are Instruments
2. No Piano is a Violin
3. 0% of Instruments are Brass (which means: No Instrument is Brass)

Evaluating Conclusion I: "Some Violins can be Brass"
- From Statement 3, we know that no Instrument can be Brass.
- From Statement 1, we know that a certain portion of Violins overlaps with Instruments. Therefore, that specific portion of Violins can never be Brass.
- However, there is no restriction placed on the remaining portion of Violins (those Violins that are not Instruments). That portion could potentially be Brass without contradicting any given statement.
- Since Conclusion I states a possibility ("can be"), it is logically valid. Thus, Conclusion I follows.

Evaluating Conclusion II: "No Brass is a Piano"
- The statements establish relations between Violins and Instruments, Pianos and Violins, and Instruments and Brass.
- No relation is given or strictly derived between Brass and Piano.
- Since no definitive relationship can be established between Brass and Piano, a definite negative conclusion cannot be claimed as true.
- Thus, Conclusion II does not follow.

Final Conclusion:
Only Conclusion I logically follows from the given statements.

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