Arrange the following events in a chronological order:

(A) Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodi, the Delhi Sultan, at Panipat, and becomes the f irst Mughal emperor

(B) Humayun is defeated by Sher Shah, in exile at the Safavid court

(C) Nadir Shah invades India and sacks Delhi

(D) The ’diwani’ of Bengal was transferred to the English East India Company

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

The correct option is (A), (B), (C), (D).

To understand why this is the correct chronological order, let us analyze the historical dates and details of each event:

(A) Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat: This event is known as the First Battle of Panipat, which took place on April 21, 1526. This victory marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India.

(B) Humayun is defeated by Sher Shah, in exile at the Safavid court: Humayun, Babur's successor, was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in the Battle of Chausa (1539) and the Battle of Kannauj (1540). Following these defeats, Humayun was forced into exile and took refuge in the Safavid court of Persia (Iran) under Shah Tahmasp in 1544.

(C) Nadir Shah invades India and sacks Delhi: Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, invaded India and defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal, subsequently entering and plundering Delhi in 1739.

(D) The 'diwani' of Bengal was transferred to the English East India Company: The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on August 12, 1765, following the Battle of Buxar. Through this treaty, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights (the right to collect revenues) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the English East India Company.

Comparing the years of these events:
• Event (A) occurred in 1526.
• Event (B) occurred during 1540–1544.
• Event (C) occurred in 1739.
• Event (D) occurred in 1765.

Thus, the correct chronological order is indeed (A) → (B) → (C) → (D).