As reported in May 2025, the study by Climate Trends, a Delhi-based research consultancy, examined NASA satellite data of the Himalayan glaciers from 2000-2023 to evaluate the impact of which of the following on Himalayan snow?

The correct option is Black Carbon.

Explanation:

A major study by Climate Trends (a Delhi-based research consultancy) analyzed NASA satellite data spanning from 2000 to 2023 to assess the impact of air pollutants on the Hindu Kush Himalayan glaciers.

The key findings of the study highlighted that Black Carbon (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles resulting from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass) significantly accelerates snow melting. When deposited on Himalayan glaciers and snow cover, black carbon darkens the snow surface, lowering its albedo (reflectivity) and causing it to absorb more solar radiation, which leads to accelerated melting and retreat of glaciers.