Assertion (A) : 12-year Amana gets scared every time the teacher asks her to answer or solve the maths problem on the blackboard because she fears that the teacher will scold her and she would be embarrassed.

Reason (R) : When students feel unsafe and anxious their learning is adversely affected.

Choose the correct option.

The correct option is: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Step 1: Analyze Assertion (A)
Assertion (A) describes a 12-year-old student, Amana, who experiences fear and anxiety when asked to solve math problems on the blackboard due to fear of being scolded and embarrassed. Fear of public evaluation and negative feedback in a classroom environment is a common psychological phenomenon that creates high stress and anxiety for students. Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.

Step 2: Analyze Reason (R)
Reason (R) states that emotional states such as anxiety and feeling unsafe negatively impact student learning. In educational psychology, severe anxiety and stress consume cognitive resources (working memory) and hinder effective cognitive processing, critical thinking, and learning. Therefore, Reason (R) is true as a general psychological principle.

Step 3: Evaluate the relationship between Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Reason (R) explains *why* Amana's situation in Assertion (A) is problematic for her learning. Because anxiety and fear of scolding create an unsafe emotional environment, her learning and performance in mathematics are adversely affected. Thus, Reason (R) provides the underlying psychological explanation for the assertion.

Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).