Assertion (A) : Children who are struggling with dyslexia have trouble in phonological processing that makes it hard to decode words.
Reason (R) : All children benefit from being encouraged in their areas of interest and ability.
Choose the correct option :

The correct option is: Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Analysis of Assertion (A):
Assertion (A) states that children who are struggling with dyslexia have trouble in phonological processing that makes it hard to decode words.
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that primarily affects reading and related language-based processing skills. A core characteristic of dyslexia is difficulty with phonological processing—the ability to recognize, manipulate, and map speech sounds (phonemes) to their corresponding written letters or letter combinations (graphemes). Because of this phonological difficulty, children with dyslexia often struggle to decode (sound out) unfamiliar words. Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.

Analysis of Reason (R):
Reason (R) states that all children benefit from being encouraged in their areas of interest and ability.
Encouraging children in areas where they show interest and strength helps foster confidence, motivation, self-esteem, and a growth mindset. This is a universally accepted educational and psychological principle applicable to all learners, including those with learning differences. Therefore, Reason (R) is true.

Relationship between Assertion (A) and Reason (R):
While both statements are individually correct, Reason (R) describes a general pedagogical principle regarding child encouragement, which does not explain the cognitive or neurological cause of phonological processing difficulties in dyslexia mentioned in Assertion (A). Thus, Reason (R) is not the correct explanation for Assertion (A).