Assertion (A) : Each child finds opportunities to play, experiment and discover their world.

Reason (R) : Childhood is a universal construct.

Choose the correct option.

The correct option is Both (A) and (R) are false.

Step-by-step breakdown and logical reasoning:

1. Analysis of Assertion (A):
Assertion (A) states: "Each child finds opportunities to play, experiment and discover their world."
While play and exploration are essential for holistic child development, the assertion claims that each (every single) child gets these opportunities. In reality, millions of children around the world face hardships such as severe poverty, child labor, conflict, forced displacement, and lack of social support. These unfavorable circumstances deprive them of play and learning opportunities. Because this statement overgeneralizes and ignores the lived realities of disadvantaged children, Assertion (A) is false.

2. Analysis of Reason (R):
Reason (R) states: "Childhood is a universal construct."
In child development and sociology, childhood is understood to be a social construct rather than a universal one. The experience of childhood varies significantly depending on culture, socio-economic status, historical period, gender, and geographical location. A child growing up in a wealthy urban family experiences childhood very differently from a child in a war-torn area or a child engaged in labor. Because childhood is context-dependent and not identical across all societies, Reason (R) is false.

Conclusion:
Since both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are incorrect statements, the correct choice is that Both (A) and (R) are false.