With the implementation of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which colonial-era criminal statute originating in the nineteenth century was formally repealed and replaced?

The correct option is Indian Penal Code.

Explanation:
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 was enacted to modernize India's criminal justice system. It formally repealed and replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860, a colonial-era criminal statute originating in the nineteenth century.

For additional context regarding the 2023 criminal law reform in India:
• The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860.
• The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
• The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.