Consider a hydrogen atom with vk, rk, and Kk denoting the velocity, orbital radius and kinetic energy of the electron in kth orbit, respectively. The electron undergoes a transition from the nth orbit, emitting radiation corresponding to the Lyman series. Considering h to be the Planck’s constant and ε0 the permittivity of free space, the correct statement(s) is/are:
Correct Answer :
Magnitude of change in kinetic energy can be expressed as
Frequency of radiation emitted can be expressed as
Solution :
The correct statements are:
1. Magnitude of change in kinetic energy can be expressed as
2. Frequency of radiation emitted can be expressed as
Step-by-Step Derivation and Analysis:
Step 1: Expression for Kinetic Energy using Bohr's Quantization Condition
According to Bohr's postulate of angular momentum quantization for the kth orbit of a hydrogen atom:
where m is the mass of the electron, vk is its orbital speed, and rk is the orbital radius.
The kinetic energy Kk in the kth orbit is defined as:
We can rewrite the kinetic energy by grouping terms:
Substituting the angular momentum m vk rk = k h / (2π) into the kinetic energy equation gives:
For a transition from the nth orbit to the 1st orbit (Lyman series transition), the change in kinetic energy is:
Step 2: Frequency of the Emitted Radiation
The electrostatic force provides the necessary centripetal acceleration for the circular orbit:
Multiplying both sides by rk / 2 gives the expression for kinetic energy:
For a bound electron in a hydrogen atom, the total mechanical energy Ek is negative and equal in magnitude to the kinetic energy:
During the transition from the nth orbit to the 1st orbit, the energy of the emitted photon (hν) is equal to the difference in energy levels:
Dividing by Planck's constant h, the frequency ν of the emitted radiation is:
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