Directions (30-32): In the following questions, the symbols- &, @, % and $ are used with the following meanings as illustrated below. In each of the questions given below statements are followed by some conclusions. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements regarding commonly known facts.
A@B means “ All A are B”
A&B means “Only a few A are B”
A$B means “No A is B”
A%B means “Some A is B”
Statement:
Conclusions:
I. Some O are definitely not N
II. All N being S is not a possibility
III. Some M being O is a possibility
IV. All P can never be R
Correct Answer :
Both I and II
Solution :
The correct answer is Both I and II.
Let us analyze the given symbols and their meanings step-by-step:
1. means "All A are B".
2. means "Only a few A are B" (which implies: Some A are B AND Some A are not B).
3. means "No A is B".
4. means "Some A is B".
Now, let's break down the given statement:
This string of symbols can be decoded into the following individual statements:
1. ⇒ Some M are R.
2. ⇒ All R are O.
3. ⇒ Only a few O are N (implies: Some O are N and Some O are definitely not N).
4. ⇒ Only a few N are P (implies: Some N are P and Some N are not P).
5. ⇒ No P is S.
Now, let's evaluate each conclusion:
Conclusion I: Some O are definitely not N
From the statement ("Only a few O are N"), it logically follows that some O are definitely not N. Therefore, Conclusion I is true and follows.
Conclusion II: All N being S is not a possibility
From the statements, we know that "Only a few N are P" (which means some N are P) and "No P is S". Since a part of N is always inside P (specifically, the portion of N that is P), and no part of P can ever be S, that common portion of N can never be S. Therefore, it is impossible for all N to be S. Hence, "All N being S is not a possibility" is a true statement. Thus, Conclusion II follows.
Conclusion III: Some M being O is a possibility
We know that "Some M are R" and "All R are O". This directly implies that "Some M are O" is a definite fact. Since it is already a fact, it cannot be considered a mere "possibility". In syllogism, a definite truth is not a possibility. Thus, Conclusion III does not follow.
Conclusion IV: All P can never be R
There is no direct negative relationship defined between P and R that would restrict all of P from being inside R. Thus, all P being R is a possibility, meaning we cannot say "All P can never be R". Therefore, Conclusion IV does not follow.
Since only Conclusions I and II follow, the correct option is Both I and II.
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