Question Details

For all x > 0 , let y 1 ( x ) , y 2 ( x ) , and y 3 ( x ) be the functions satisfying

d y 1 d x = ( sin x 7 ) y 1 , y 1 ( 1 ) = 5

d y 2 d x = ( cos x ) y 2 , y 2 ( 1 ) = 1 3

d y 3 d x = 2 x 3 x 3 y 3 , , y 3 ( 1 ) = 3 e

Then

lim x 0 + y 1 ( x ) y 2 ( x ) y 3 ( x ) ( 3 + 2 x ) e 3 x sin x

is equal to __________.

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

2

Solution :

The correct answer is 2.

Let us solve the system of differential equations by identifying their solutions. Each given differential equation is first-order and separable:
1. dy1dx=sin2(x)y1 with y1(1)=5
2. dy2dx=cos2(x)y2 with y2(1)=13
3. dy3dx=2x3x3y3 with y3(1)=35e

For any separable differential equation of the form dydx=g(x)y with initial condition at x=1, the solution is:
y(x)=y(1)e1xg(t)dt

Multiplying the three functions together, we obtain:
y1(x)y2(x)y3(x)=y1(1)y2(1)y3(1)e1xsin2t+cos2t+2t3t3dt

Using the trigonometric identity sin2t+cos2t=1, the integrand simplifies beautifully:
1+2t3t3=1+2t31=2t3

Substituting the initial values:
y1(1)y2(1)y3(1)=51335e=1e

Now we evaluate the integral:
1x2t3dt=1t21x=11x2

Thus:
y1(x)y2(x)y3(x)=1ee11x2=e1x2

We are required to compute the limit:
L=limx0+y1(x)y2(x)y3(x)+2xe3xsinx=limx0+e1x2+2xe3xsinx

Dividing both the numerator and the denominator by x:
L=limx0+e1x2x+2e3xsinxx

Since limx0+e1x2x=0, limx0+e3x=1, and limx0+sinxx=1, we have:
L=0+211=2

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