Question Details

For the network shown, the equivalent Thevenin voltage and Thevenin impedance as seen across terminals ‘ab’ is

Options

A

10 V in series with 12 Ω

B

65 V in series with 15 Ω

C

50 V in series with 2 Ω

D

35 V in series with 2 Ω

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option B

65 V in series with 15 Ω

Solution :

The correct option is 65 V in series with 15 Ω.

To find the equivalent Thevenin voltage (Vth) and Thevenin impedance/resistance (Rth) across terminals 'ab', we proceed with the following steps:

Step 1: Finding the Thevenin Voltage (Vth)

The Thevenin voltage is the open-circuit voltage across terminals 'ab' (Voc=Vab).
When terminals 'ab' are open-circuited, no current flows through the 2 Ω resistor and the dependent voltage source.
Therefore, the entire current from the 5 A independent current source flows through the parallel 10 Ω resistor:

i1=5 A

Let the node above the 10 Ω resistor be node c and the bottom terminal be the reference node b (Vb=0 V).
The voltage at node c is:

Vc=i1×10=5×10=50 V

The dependent voltage source has a value of 3i1 with the positive terminal on the right and the negative terminal on the left (connected to node c).
Since no current flows through the 2 Ω resistor, the voltage at terminal a is the same as the voltage at the positive terminal of the dependent source:

Vth=Vab=Vc+3i1

Substituting the value of i1=5 A and Vc=50 V:

Vth=50+3(5)=50+15=65 V

Step 2: Finding the Thevenin Resistance (Rth)

To determine the Thevenin resistance, we deactivate the independent 5 A current source (replacing it with an open circuit) and apply a test current source Ix entering terminal a and leaving terminal b.
Let Vx be the voltage across terminals 'ab' due to the test current.
Since the independent current source is open-circuited, the current Ix flows directly through the 2 Ω resistor, the dependent source, and downwards through the 10 Ω resistor.
This gives the relation:

i1=Ix

Applying Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) along the path from terminal a to terminal b:

Vx=(Ix×2)+3i1+(i1×10)

Substituting i1=Ix:

Vx=2Ix+3Ix+10Ix=15Ix

The equivalent Thevenin resistance is:

Rth=VxIx=15 Ω

Conclusion

The equivalent Thevenin network consists of a voltage source of 65 V in series with an impedance/resistance of 15 Ω.

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