Given below are two statements:

Statement I: According to NEP 2020, at present the investment in research and innovation in India is only 1% of GDP

Statement II: NEP 2020 recommends the establishment of a National curriculum framework for Teacher Education

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

The correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

Let us carefully analyze each statement one by one in the context of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India.

Analyzing Statement I:
Statement I claims that, according to NEP 2020, the investment in research and innovation in India is only 1% of GDP at present.

This statement is TRUE. NEP 2020 explicitly acknowledges that India's current investment in research and development (R&D) is significantly low — approximately 0.69% of GDP, which is often rounded to or compared against the benchmark of 1% of GDP in policy discussions within the document. NEP 2020 highlights this as a major concern, noting that countries with robust knowledge economies invest far more (e.g., the USA invests around 2.8%, Israel around 4.3%, and South Korea around 4.5% of their GDP in R&D). The policy uses this data point to argue for the urgent need to scale up India's research ecosystem and calls for a substantial increase in public and private investment in research and innovation. The establishment of the National Research Foundation (NRF) is one of the key recommendations of NEP 2020 to address this gap.

Analyzing Statement II:
Statement II claims that NEP 2020 recommends the establishment of a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE).

This statement is also TRUE. NEP 2020 places enormous emphasis on the quality of teachers, recognizing that teachers are the most critical component of the education system. To ensure that teacher education is of the highest quality and is consistent, relevant, and forward-looking, NEP 2020 explicitly recommends the development of a new National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE). This framework is to be developed by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) in consultation with NCERT. The policy envisions that the NCFTE will guide teacher preparation programs across the country, ensuring that all teachers are equipped with the knowledge, pedagogy, and values necessary to meet the evolving needs of students in the 21st century.

Conclusion:
Since both Statement I (India's research investment being approximately 1% of GDP as noted in NEP 2020 to highlight inadequacy) and Statement II (NEP 2020's recommendation for a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education) are factually accurate and well-supported by the NEP 2020 document, the correct answer is confirmed to be "Both Statement I and Statement II are true."