Given below are two statements:

Statement I: In ecosystem, there is unidirectional flow of energy of sun from producers to consumers.

Statement II: Ecosystems are exempted from 2nd law of thermodynamics.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Statement I says that in an ecosystem energy flows in one direction, starting from the sun, being captured by producers (photosynthetic organisms) and then transferred to consumers (herbivores and carnivores). This description matches the well‑established concept of a unidirectional energy flow in ecological food webs, because energy is conserved but its usable form is degraded at each trophic transfer.

Statement II claims that ecosystems are exempt from the second law of thermodynamics. The second law states that the total entropy of an isolated system never decreases; it applies universally to all physical processes, including biological ones. Ecosystems are not isolated systems – they constantly exchange energy and matter with their surroundings – and they still obey the second law, as the overall entropy of the universe increases even though local order can arise.

Therefore, the first statement is correct, while the second statement is incorrect.