Identify the correct statement.
Correct Answer :
RNA polymerase binds with Rho factor to terminate the process of transcription in bacteria.
Solution :
To identify the correct statement, let us analyze each of the given options step-by-step:
1. Capping of hnRNA:
During post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes, capping involves the addition of an unusual nucleotide, methyl guanosine triphosphate, to the 5' end of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), not the 3' end. The 3' end undergoes adenylation (tailing). Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
2. Transcription termination in bacteria:
In prokaryotic transcription, the RNA polymerase enzyme requires association with specific factors for initiation and termination. The RNA polymerase associates transiently with the initiation factor (sigma, σ) to initiate transcription, and with the termination factor (rho, ρ) to terminate transcription. When the RNA polymerase binds with the Rho factor, the RNA transcript is released, and the process of transcription is terminated. Therefore, this statement is correct.
3. The coding strand:
During transcription, the template strand (3' to 5' direction) is read by RNA polymerase to synthesize mRNA. The other strand, called the coding strand (5' to 3' direction), has the same sequence as the newly synthesized mRNA (except thymine is replaced by uracil). Although it is named the "coding strand," it is not the strand that is actively copied to form mRNA. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
4. Split gene arrangement:
Split genes containing both exons (expressed sequences) and introns (non-coding intervening sequences) are a characteristic feature of eukaryotes, not prokaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are typically continuous and do not contain introns. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Conclusion:
The only correct statement is that RNA polymerase binds with Rho factor to terminate the process of transcription in bacteria.
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