Identify the correct statements:
(A) Stocks are defined over a period of time.
(B) Flows are defined over a period of time.
(C) Flows are defined at a particular point of time.
(D) Stocks are defined at a particular point of time.
(E) GVA at factor costs + Indirect Taxes– Subsidies = GVA at market prices.
Choose from the options given below:
Correct Answer :
(B), (D) and (E) only
Solution :
The correct option is (B), (D) and (E) only.
Step-by-step Explanation:
To understand why this option is correct, let's analyze each statement individually:
1. Understanding Stocks vs. Flows (Statements A, B, C, and D):
In economics, variables are classified as either stock variables or flow variables based on the dimension of time:
- Stock Variable: A stock variable is a quantity measured at a specific point in time. It represents an accumulated amount at that particular moment. Examples include wealth, capital, and money supply. Therefore, statement (D) is correct ("Stocks are defined at a particular point of time") and statement (A) is incorrect.
- Flow Variable: A flow variable is a quantity measured over a specified period of time (e.g., per hour, per month, or per year). It represents a rate of change. Examples include income, investment, and GDP. Therefore, statement (B) is correct ("Flows are defined over a period of time") and statement (C) is incorrect.
2. Understanding Gross Value Added (GVA) Relationship (Statement E):
Gross Value Added (GVA) at market prices is calculated by adjusting GVA at factor cost for net product taxes (taxes minus subsidies):
This matches statement (E) exactly, making statement (E) correct.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, the correct statements are (B), (D), and (E). Thus, the correct option choice is (B), (D) and (E) only.
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