Question Details

If the half-life (t1/2) for a first order reaction is 1 minute, then the time required for 99.9% completion of the reaction is closest to:

Options

A

2 minutes

B

4 minutes

C

5 minutes

D

10 minutes

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option D

10 minutes

10 minutes

Solution :

The correct answer is 10 minutes.

Step-by-Step Derivation and Explanation:

1. Formula for First-Order Kinetics:
For a first-order chemical reaction, the rate constant k is related to the half-life (t1/2) by the following relation:
k=ln(2)t1/20.693t1/2

Given that the half-life t1/2=1 minute:
k=0.693 min-1

2. Finding the Time Required for 99.9% Completion:
Let the initial concentration of the reactant be [A]0=100.
If the reaction is 99.9% complete, the amount of reactant consumed is 99.9.
Therefore, the remaining concentration of reactant at time t, denoted as [A]t, is:
[A]t=100-99.9=0.1

The integrated rate equation for a first-order reaction is:
t=2.303klog[A]0[A]t

Substitute the values into the equation:
t=2.3030.693log1000.1
Since 1000.1=1000=103 and log(103)=3:
t=2.3030.693×3

3. Simplifying the Calculation:
Note that 2.303×3=6.909.
Thus, the expression becomes:
t=6.9090.6939.97 minutes

This value is closest to 10 minutes.

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