Directions: In the question below, some statements are given followed by two conclusions. Assume the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
Some documents are invoices.
All invoices are records.
No record is an artifact.
Conclusions:
I. No invoice is an artifact.
II. Some documents are not artifacts is a possibility.
Correct Answer :
If only conclusion I follows.
Solution :
Correct Answer: If only conclusion I follows.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Analyze the Given Statements:
- Statement 1: Some documents are invoices.
- Statement 2: All invoices are records.
- Statement 3: No record is an artifact.
2. Evaluate Conclusion I: "No invoice is an artifact."
- From Statement 2, all invoices are contained within records.
- From Statement 3, no record is an artifact, meaning the category of records has zero overlap with artifacts.
- Since all invoices are records and no record is an artifact, it definitely follows that no invoice can be an artifact.
- Therefore, Conclusion I logically follows.
3. Evaluate Conclusion II: "Some documents are not artifacts is a possibility."
- The documents that are invoices are also records (combining Statements 1 and 2).
- Since no record is an artifact (Statement 3), these documents can never be artifacts.
- Hence, "Some documents are not artifacts" is already a definite fact.
- In syllogisms, a statement that is 100% definitely true cannot be treated as a mere "possibility".
- Therefore, Conclusion II does not follow.
Conclusion:
Only Conclusion I logically follows from the given statements.
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