In which of the following years was the National Quantum Mission formally sanctioned by the Union Cabinet of India?

The correct answer is 2023.

The National Quantum Mission (NQM) was formally sanctioned by the Union Cabinet of India, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on April 19, 2023.
The mission has been planned with a total financial outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for the period covering 2023–24 to 2030–31.

Key Objectives and Highlights of the Mission:
1. Scale & Capability: Aimed at seeding, nurturing, and scaling up scientific and industrial R&D to create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem in Quantum Technology (QT) in India.
2. Quantum Computing: Developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50 to 1000 physical qubits using different platforms such as superconducting and photonic technologies.
3. Thematic Hubs: Setting up four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in leading academic and National R&D institutes across areas such as Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, and Quantum Materials & Devices.