Question Details

Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then, the number of relations containing (1, 2) and (1, 3), which are reflexive and symmetric but not transitive, is

Options

A

1

B

2

C

3

D

4

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option A

1

Solution :

The correct option is 1.

Let us find the relations on the set A={1,2,3} that satisfy the given conditions.
A relation R on A is:
1. Reflexive if (a,a)R for all aA. Therefore, R must contain:
{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)}.
2. Symmetric if (a,b)R(b,a)R.

The question specifies that the relation R must contain (1,2) and (1,3).
Since R is symmetric, it must also contain their symmetric counterparts:
(2,1) (because (1,2)R) and (3,1) (because (1,3)R).

Thus, the minimum relation R containing (1,2) and (1,3) that is both reflexive and symmetric is:
R={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,1),(1,3),(3,1)}.

Now, let us check the transitivity of this relation R:
We have (2,1)R and (1,3)R.
If R were transitive, it would also have to contain (2,3). But (2,3)R.
Thus, this relation R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive.

If we try to add any other elements to R to form a different relation, the only remaining elements from A×A that are not yet in R are (2,3) and (3,2).
If we add (2,3), we must also add (3,2) to maintain symmetry.
Doing so yields the universal relation A×A, which is transitive.

Therefore, there is exactly 1 relation that is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive containing the pairs (1,2) and (1,3).

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