Question Details

Let the function  f : [1,) R  be defined by

f(t) = 2 ( 1 ) n+1 ; if t = 2n 1 , n N 2n + 1 t 2 f(2n1) + t (2n1) 2 f(2n+1) ; if  2n1 < t < 2n+1 , n N .

Define g(x) = 1 x f(t) dt , x (1,) .

Let  α  denote the number of solutions of the equation  g(x) = in the interval (1,8] and  β = lim x 1+ g(x) x 1 .

Then the value of  α + β  is equal to _____

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

5

Solution :

The correct answer is 5.

Step 1: Analyze the function f(t)

The given function f:[1,)R is defined at odd integer points t=2n-1 (for nN) as:

f(2n-1)=2(-1)n+1

Evaluating this at specific values of n:

For n=1: t=1f(1)=2(-1)2=2
For n=2: t=3f(3)=2(-1)3=-2
For n=3: t=5f(5)=2(-1)4=2
For n=4: t=7f(7)=2(-1)5=-2

For any interval 2n-1<t<2n+1, the expression:

f(t)=2n+1-t2f(2n-1)+t-(2n-1)2f(2n+1)

represents a linear interpolation between f(2n-1) and f(2n+1). Thus, f(t) is a continuous piecewise linear function connecting the points (1,2),(3,-2),(5,2),(7,-2), and so on.

Step 2: Find the value of β

We are given:

β=limx1+g(x)x-1

Since g(1)=11f(t)dt=0, this limit represents the right-hand derivative of g(x) at x=1:

β=limx1+g(x)-g(1)x-1=g'(1+)

By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, g'(x)=f(x). Therefore:

β=f(1)=2

Step 3: Find the value of α

α is the number of solutions to g(x)=0 in the interval (1,8].g(x)=1xf(t)dt across sub-intervals:

1. For x[1,3]:
The straight line from (1,2) to (3,-2) is given by f(t)=4-2t.
g(x)=1x(4-2t)dt=[4t-t2]1x=-(x-1)(x-3).
For x(1,3), g(x)>0.
At x=3, g(3)=0. This is the 1st solution.

2. For x[3,5]:
The function f(t) goes linearly from -2 at t=3 to 2 at t=5.
By symmetry, the net area under f(t) over [3,5] is 0.
Thus, g(5)=g(3)+35f(t)dt=0+0=0.
For x(3,5), g(x)<0.
At x=5, g(5)=0. This is the 2nd solution.

3. For x[5,7]:
Similarly, f(t) goes linearly from 2 at t=5 to -2 at t=7.
The net area over [5,7] is 0.
Thus, g(7)=g(5)+0=0.
For x(5,7), g(x)>0.
At x=7, g(7)=0. This is the 3rd solution.

4. For x(7,8]:
In this region, f(t) is strictly negative (increasing from -2 at t=7 to -0.5 at t=8).
Hence, g(x) decreases from 0 to negative values, so there are no roots in (7,8].

Therefore, the solutions of g(x)=0 in (1,8] are x=3,5,7, which gives:

α=3

Step 4: Compute α+β

α+β=3+2=5

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