Question Details

Let  f ( x ) = x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c  be a polynomial with real coefficients such that f(1) = -9. Suppose that i√3 is a root of the equation  4 x 3 + 3 a x 2 + 2 b x = 0 , where  i = 1 . If  α 1 , α 2 , α 3 and  α 4  are all the roots of the equation f ( x ) = 0 , then  | α 1 | 2 + | α 2 | 2 + | α 3 | 2 + | α 4 | 2 is equal to _______.

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Correct Answer :

20

Solution :

The correct answer is 20.

Let the given polynomial with real coefficients be:

f ( x ) = x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c

Differentiating f(x) with respect to x, we get:

f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 3 a x 2 + 2 b x

We are given that i3 is a root of the equation 4x3+3ax2+2bx=0 (which is f(x)=0). Since the coefficients a and b are real, any complex roots must occur in conjugate pairs. Therefore, -i3 is also a root of f(x)=0.

Since the equation f(x)=0 is cubic, let its third root be r. We can write:

4 x 3 + 3 a x 2 + 2 b x = 4 ( x r ) ( x i 3 ) ( x + i 3 )

Simplifying the right-hand side:

4 x 3 + 3 a x 2 + 2 b x = 4 ( x r ) ( x 2 + 3 )

4 x 3 + 3 a x 2 + 2 b x = 4 x 3 4 r x 2 + 12 x 12 r

Comparing the coefficients of both sides, we get:
1) The constant term: 12r=0r=0
2) The coefficient of x2: 3a=4r=0a=0
3) The coefficient of x: 2b=12���b=6

Substituting a=0 and b=6 back into the expression for f(x), we have:

f ( x ) = x 4 + 6 x 2 + c

We are given that f(1)=9:

f ( 1 ) = 1 4 + 6 ( 1 2 ) + c = 9

7 + c = 9 c = 16

Thus, the polynomial is:

f ( x ) = x 4 + 6 x 2 16

To find the roots of f(x)=0, let y=x2:

y 2 + 6 y 16 = 0

( y + 8 ) ( y 2 ) = 0

So, the solutions for y are y=2 and y=8.
This gives the four roots α1,α2,α3,α4 as follows:
- From x2=2, we have α1=2 and α2=2.
- From x2=8, we have α3=i8 and α4=i8.

Now, we compute the sum of the squares of the magnitudes of these roots:

| α 1 | 2 + | α 2 | 2 + | α 3 | 2 + | α 4 | 2 = | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 2 + | i 8 | 2 + | i 8 | 2

= 2 + 2 + 8 + 8 = 20

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