Mahendravarman I was the ruler of which of the following dynasties?

The correct answer is Pallava.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Identify the Ruler: Mahendravarman I was a prominent ruler who patronized arts, temple architecture, and literature in southern India during the early 7th century (reigning approximately from 600 CE to 630 CE).

2. Historical Dynasty: Mahendravarman I was the son of Simhavishnu, who revived the Pallava dynasty. Mahendravarman I was succeeded by his famous son, Narasimhavarman I.

3. Major Contributions: He is highly celebrated for introducing rock-cut cave temple architecture in the Tamil region (such as the famous cave temples at Mandagapattu) and for authoring the Sanskrit play Mattavilasa Prahasana.

4. Conclusion: Therefore, Mahendravarman I belongs to the Pallava dynasty, matching the correct option.