Question Details

Match List 1 with List II

List I (Concept)
List II (Definition)
A Argument
I A deductive argument that either is invalid
or has at least one false premise
B Strong Argument
II An inductive argument in which the conclusion
does not follow probably from the premises.
C Unsound Argument
III An inductive argument in which the conclusion
follow probably from the premises
D Weak Argument
IV A set of statements in which a claims (conclusion)
is defended with reason (premise)

Options

A

А-І, В-II, С-III, D-IV

B

A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

C

A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

D

A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option D

A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Solution :

The correct answer is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.

Let us carefully analyze each concept from List I and match it with the most appropriate definition from List II by understanding the meaning of each term in logic.

A. Argument → IV
An Argument is the most fundamental concept in logic. It is simply "a set of statements in which a claim (conclusion) is defended with reasons (premises)". This is the base definition — before we evaluate whether an argument is good or bad, strong or weak, we first define it as a structured collection of statements where premises support a conclusion. Definition IV captures this perfectly.

B. Strong Argument → III
A Strong Argument is a term used in inductive logic. An inductive argument is called strong when the truth of the premises makes the truth of the conclusion probable — that is, the conclusion follows probably (though not with certainty) from the premises. Definition III states exactly this: "An inductive argument in which the conclusion follows probably from the premises." This is the hallmark of a strong inductive argument.

C. Unsound Argument → I
An Unsound Argument is a concept from deductive logic. A deductive argument is called sound only if it is both valid AND has all true premises. Therefore, an argument is unsound if it fails either condition — i.e., it is either invalid or it has at least one false premise. Definition I matches this exactly: "A deductive argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise."

D. Weak Argument → II
A Weak Argument is the inductive counterpart of a strong argument. If a strong inductive argument is one where the conclusion follows probably from the premises, then a weak inductive argument is one where the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises — meaning the premises, even if true, do not make the conclusion likely. Definition II captures this precisely: "An inductive argument in which the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises."

To summarize the complete matching:

List I (Concept) Match List II (Definition)
A. Argument → IV A set of statements where a conclusion is defended with premises
B. Strong Argument → III An inductive argument where the conclusion follows probably from the premises
C. Unsound Argument → I A deductive argument that is either invalid or has at least one false premise
D. Weak Argument → II An inductive argument where the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises

Hence, the correct matching is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.

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