Match List 1 with List II
| List I (Concept) |
List II (Definition) |
||
| A | Argument |
I | A deductive argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise |
| B | Strong Argument |
II | An inductive argument in which the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises. |
| C | Unsound Argument |
III | An inductive argument in which the conclusion follow probably from the premises |
| D | Weak Argument |
IV | A set of statements in which a claims (conclusion) is defended with reason (premise) |
Correct Answer :
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Solution :
The correct answer is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.
Let us carefully analyze each concept from List I and match it with the most appropriate definition from List II by understanding the meaning of each term in logic.
A. Argument → IV
An Argument is the most fundamental concept in logic. It is simply "a set of statements in which a claim (conclusion) is defended with reasons (premises)". This is the base definition — before we evaluate whether an argument is good or bad, strong or weak, we first define it as a structured collection of statements where premises support a conclusion. Definition IV captures this perfectly.
B. Strong Argument → III
A Strong Argument is a term used in inductive logic. An inductive argument is called strong when the truth of the premises makes the truth of the conclusion probable — that is, the conclusion follows probably (though not with certainty) from the premises. Definition III states exactly this: "An inductive argument in which the conclusion follows probably from the premises." This is the hallmark of a strong inductive argument.
C. Unsound Argument → I
An Unsound Argument is a concept from deductive logic. A deductive argument is called sound only if it is both valid AND has all true premises. Therefore, an argument is unsound if it fails either condition — i.e., it is either invalid or it has at least one false premise. Definition I matches this exactly: "A deductive argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise."
D. Weak Argument → II
A Weak Argument is the inductive counterpart of a strong argument. If a strong inductive argument is one where the conclusion follows probably from the premises, then a weak inductive argument is one where the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises — meaning the premises, even if true, do not make the conclusion likely. Definition II captures this precisely: "An inductive argument in which the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises."
To summarize the complete matching:
| List I (Concept) | Match | List II (Definition) |
| A. Argument | → IV | A set of statements where a conclusion is defended with premises |
| B. Strong Argument | → III | An inductive argument where the conclusion follows probably from the premises |
| C. Unsound Argument | → I | A deductive argument that is either invalid or has at least one false premise |
| D. Weak Argument | → II | An inductive argument where the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises |
Hence, the correct matching is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.
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