Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from the options given below.

List - I	List - II
(a) Adaptive radiation	(i) Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides
(b) Connvergent evolution	(ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale
(c) Divergent evolution	(iii) Wings of Butterfly and Birds
(d) Evolution by athropogenic action	(iv) Darwin Finches

To match each concept in List‑I with the most appropriate example in List‑II, we consider the definitions of the evolutionary terms.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid diversification of a single ancestral lineage into many species, each adapted to a different ecological niche. The classic example is the Darwin finches of the Galápagos Islands, which evolved varied beak shapes to exploit different food sources. Hence, (a) matches (iv).

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated lineages independently evolve similar traits because they face comparable selective pressures. The wings of butterflies (insects) and birds (vertebrates) are structurally different but serve the same function of flight, illustrating convergence. Thus, (b) matches (iii).

Divergent evolution describes the process where related species evolve different traits as they adapt to distinct environments. The forelimb skeletons of humans and whales share a common origin but have diverged markedly—human arms for manipulation, whale flippers for swimming. Therefore, (c) matches (ii).

Evolution by anthropogenic action (human‑induced evolution) involves evolutionary changes driven directly by human activities. The selection of herbicide‑ and pesticide‑resistant crop varieties due to intensive chemical use exemplifies this. Consequently, (d) matches (i).

Putting the pairs together yields the final matching: a – iv, b – iii, c – ii, d – i.