Match List-I with List-II

List-I	List-I1
(A) Analysis assumes that level of utility can be expressed in numbers.	(1) Cardinal Utility
(B) Change in total utility due to consumption of one additional unit of a commodity	(II) Law of Diminishing Morainal tility
(C) Marginal utility from consuming each additional unit of a commodity declines as its consumption increases.	(III) Marginal Utility
(D) The amount of mangoes that the consumer has to forego in order to get an additional banana, her total utility level being the same.	(IV) Marginal rate of substitution

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct option is (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV).

Let us break down the matching step-by-step to understand the economics concepts behind each pair:

1. Analysis assumes that level of utility can be expressed in numbers → (I) Cardinal Utility
In consumer behavior theory, Cardinal Utility assumes that the level of satisfaction or utility derived from consuming a good or service can be measured quantitatively and expressed in absolute numerical units called 'utils' (e.g., 10 utils, 20 utils, etc.). Therefore, (A) matches with (I).

2. Change in total utility due to consumption of one additional unit of a commodity → (III) Marginal Utility
Marginal Utility is defined as the additional satisfaction or change in total utility that a consumer receives from consuming one additional unit of a good or service. Mathematically, it is represented as:
$$MU=\frac{\Delta TU}{\Delta Q}$$
where $\Delta TU$ is the change in total utility and $\Delta Q$ is the change in quantity consumed. Therefore, (B) matches with (III).

3. Marginal utility from consuming each additional unit of a commodity declines as its consumption increases → (II) Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility states that as a consumer consumes more and more units of a specific commodity, the utility or satisfaction derived from each successive unit decreases. Therefore, (C) matches with (II).

4. The amount of mangoes that the consumer has to forego in order to get an additional banana, her total utility level being the same → (IV) Marginal rate of substitution
The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) is the rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good (mangoes) for another good (bananas) while maintaining the same level of overall utility (remaining on the same indifference curve). Therefore, (D) matches with (IV).