Match List-I with List-II

List-I	List-II
(Concept)	(Example)
(A) Sanskritisation	(I) Dalit groups adopting the use of fork and spoons.
(B) Westernisation	(II) Dalit groups adopting the practice of dowry.
(C) Modernisation	(III) Public advertisements for jobs stating qualification only.
(D) Secularisation	(IV) Public holidays for festivals of all religions.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV).

Let us break down each concept from List-I and match it with the correct example from List-II to understand the sociological processes involved:

1. (A) Sanskritisation matches with (II) Dalit groups adopting the practice of dowry:
Sanskritisation is a process of social mobility in India, described by sociologist M.N. Srinivas. In this process, castes placed lower in the caste hierarchy (such as Dalit groups) emulate the customs, rituals, beliefs, and way of life of the dominant or upper castes (traditionally the 'twice-born' or Dwija castes) to raise their social status. Since dowry was historically a custom prevalent among upper-caste groups, its adoption by Dalit groups represents Sanskritisation.

2. (B) Westernisation matches with (I) Dalit groups adopting the use of fork and spoons:
Westernisation refers to the changes and adoption of Western culture, technology, dress, food habits, lifestyle, and values by non-Western societies. Adopting the use of forks and spoons for eating is a classic dietary lifestyle change inspired by Western etiquette, which fits this concept.

3. (C) Modernisation matches with (III) Public advertisements for jobs stating qualification only:
Modernisation involves the transition from traditional social arrangements to rational, science-based, and merit-oriented systems. Public advertisements that recruit employees based solely on objective educational qualifications, rather than caste, lineage, gender, or religion, reflect a modern, meritocratic, and rationalized approach to society.

4. (D) Secularisation matches with (IV) Public holidays for festivals of all religions:
Secularisation refers to the process where religion loses its dominant influence over social, cultural, and state institutions. In a secular state, all religions are treated with equal respect, and religious neutrality is maintained. Declaring public holidays for major festivals of all religions (rather than favoring one dominant religion) demonstrates the state's secular and pluralistic approach.