Match the tobacco practice with the long-term consequences of consuming it.

Column A	Column B
(a) Cigarette smoking	(i) Oral cancer
(b) Chewing tobacco	(ii) Emphysema
(c) Passive smoking	(iii) Respiratory infections
(d) Long-term nicotine exposure	(iv) Cardiovascular disorders

The correct option is a–ii, b–i, c–iv, d–iii.

To understand why this is the correct match, let us break down each tobacco practice and its associated long-term health consequence:
(a) Cigarette smoking matches with (ii) Emphysema:
Cigarette smoke contains harmful toxins that damage the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs over time. This leads to emphysema, a chronic lung condition characterized by shortness of breath due to the destruction of the alveolar walls.

(b) Chewing tobacco matches with (i) Oral cancer:
Chewing tobacco keeps harmful, carcinogenic chemicals in direct and prolonged contact with the mucosal lining of the mouth, gums, and tongue. This direct exposure significantly increases the risk of developing oral cancer.

(c) Passive smoking matches with (iv) Cardiovascular disorders:
Passive smoking, or inhaling secondhand smoke, exposes non-smokers to toxic chemicals that damage blood vessels, interfere with heart function, and increase the risk of heart attacks and coronary heart disease.

(d) Long-term nicotine exposure matches with (iii) Respiratory infections:
Nicotine and other components of chronic tobacco exposure impair the immune response and the function of the cilia in the respiratory tract. This leaves the respiratory system highly vulnerable to frequent infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.