Mother tongue based multilingualism advocates that __________ .

The correct option is all children begin their schooling in their mother tongue or home language.

Explanation:
Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) is an educational approach that emphasizes starting a child's early education in their native or home language. Research and pedagogical frameworks strongly support this methodology for several key reasons:

1. Ease of Comprehension and Conceptual Clarity: Children learn best and grasp complex concepts more effectively when taught in a language they already know well. Using the home language eliminates communication barriers during early childhood education.

2. Smooth Transition to Additional Languages: Once a child develops strong foundational literacy and cognitive skills in their mother tongue, learning second or third languages (such as the state language, national language, or foreign languages like English) becomes significantly easier and more structured.

3. Cognitive and Emotional Development: Learning in one's home language boosts self-confidence, encourages active participation, and strengthens a child's connection to their cultural identity and family environment.

Therefore, Mother Tongue-Based Multilingualism advocates that all children should begin their schooling in their mother tongue or home language before gradually introducing other languages into their curriculum.