On MISHTI Scheme:

1. Targets mangrove afforestation via scientific techniques.

2. Introduced in Budget 2023–24.

3. Permits commercial mangrove leasing.

The correct option is 1 and 2 only.

Detailed Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The MISHTI scheme stands for "Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes." It primarily aims at taking up mangrove afforestation along the coastline and on salt pan lands using intensive and scientific techniques.

Statement 2 is correct: The MISHTI scheme was officially announced by the Union Finance Minister during the presentation of the Union Budget 2023–24 to boost mangrove plantations across the country's coastlines.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The scheme focuses on conservation, ecological restoration, carbon sequestration, and creating sustainable eco-tourism/livelihood opportunities. It does not permit or promote commercial mangrove leasing.

Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.