Reaction of aniline with conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 at 298 K will produce 47% of
Correct Answer :
p-Nitroaniline
Solution :
The correct option is p-Nitroaniline.
Explanation:
When aniline is treated with a nitrating mixture containing concentrated nitric acid (conc. ) and concentrated sulfuric acid (conc. ) at 298 K, it undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution (nitration).
Under these strongly acidic conditions, a significant portion of aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion:
The positively charged group is electron-withdrawing and deactivating, directing the incoming nitronium ion electrophile () to the meta-position.
At the same time, the unprotonated aniline remains highly reactive and directs substitution to the ortho and para positions due to the electron-donating resonance effect of the lone pair on the nitrogen atom.
As a result, a mixture of three isomeric nitroanilines is obtained in the following approximate yields:
1. p-Nitroaniline (para product)
2. m-Nitroaniline (meta product)
3. o-Nitroaniline (ortho product)
According to the reaction stoichiometry and standard experimental conditions, p-nitroaniline and m-nitroaniline form the bulk of the products, with p-nitroaniline designated as the correct option here.
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