Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully -

Assertion (A) : The goats from which the soft pashmina wool is collected are found on very high altitudes of 5000 meters in extreme cold.

Reason (R) : A coat of warm hair grows on goats body which protects it from extreme cold.

Choose the correct option from the following :

The correct option is Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A).

Analysis of Assertion (A):
Assertion (A) states that the goats from which the soft Pashmina wool is collected are found at very high altitudes of around 5000 meters in extreme cold conditions (such as in the high-altitude plateaus of Ladakh). This statement is scientifically and geographically true.

Analysis of Reason (R):
Reason (R) states that a coat of warm hair grows on the goat's body to protect it from extreme cold. This statement is also true. To survive in severe winter temperatures that drop well below freezing, these goats grow a fine, soft undercoat of hair which acts as insulation trapping air and body heat.

Relationship between (A) and (R):
Because the goats live in an environment with extreme cold and high altitudes (Assertion A), their bodies naturally adapt by growing a fine, warm coat of hair to stay warm (Reason R). This warm underfur is harvested to make Pashmina wool. Thus, Reason (R) provides the correct biological explanation for how these goats survive in the conditions described in Assertion (A).

Therefore, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).