Read the following statements:

Assertion (A): The ability to comprehend and speak depends on the physical development of the mouth and brain.

Reason (R): Emotional development is related to physical growth.

Choose the correct option.

The correct option is: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Let us analyze the Assertion and the Reason step-by-step to understand their validity and logical connection:

1. Analysis of Assertion (A):
Assertion (A) states that "The ability to comprehend and speak depends on the physical development of the mouth and brain."
This statement is factually and biologically correct. Language comprehension and speech production rely heavily on the physical maturation of specific anatomical structures. Speech requires the coordinated action of the mouth, tongue, vocal cords, and lips. Similarly, understanding language and producing speech are governed by specialized areas in the brain, such as Broca's area (responsible for speech production) and Wernicke's area (responsible for language comprehension). Without the proper physical development of these organs and neural pathways, speech and comprehension cannot develop.

2. Analysis of Reason (R):
Reason (R) states that "Emotional development is related to physical growth."
This statement is also correct. Human development is multidimensional and holistic, consisting of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. A child's emotional development—such as the ability to regulate emotions, express feelings, and respond to stress—is deeply connected to physical growth, particularly the maturation of the brain (like the amygdala and prefrontal cortex) and the endocrine system, which regulates hormones.

3. Evaluating the Link:
In child development, the principle of interrelation dictates that all domains of growth are interdependent. Physical development acts as the foundation upon which other aspects, such as cognitive/language skills and emotional regulation, are built. The specific dependency of speech/comprehension on the physical structures of the mouth and brain (Assertion A) is explained by this overarching developmental principle: that cognitive, language, and emotional growth are intrinsically tied to and supported by physical maturation (Reason R). Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.