Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:

Passage: Species diversity on earth is not uniformly distributed. It is generally highest in the tropics and decreases towards the poles. Earth’s fossil history reveals the incidence of mass extinctions in the past. Earth’s rich biodiversity is vital for the very survival of mankind.

It is believed that communities with high diversity tend to be less variable and more productive. The reasons of conserving biodiversity are narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical. Biodiversity conservation may be in situ as well as ex-situ.

Which of the following is not included in in-situ conservation?

The correct option is Zoological park.

Explanation:

Biodiversity conservation strategies are broadly categorized into two types: in-situ (on-site) conservation and ex-situ (off-site) conservation.

1. In-situ Conservation:
This method involves protecting and conserving species in their natural habitats. The entire ecosystem is protected to safeguard the target species. Examples include:
• National parks
• Wildlife sanctuaries
• Biosphere reserves

2. Ex-situ Conservation:
This method involves conserving threatened or endangered plants and animals outside their natural habitats in controlled, human-managed environments. Examples include:
• Zoological parks (zoos)
• Botanical gardens
• Seed banks/gene banks

Since a Zoological park is an ex-situ conservation method where animals are kept outside their natural habitat under human care, it is not included in in-situ conservation. Therefore, it is the correct answer.