Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Major Chandra, an infantry soldier, was posted in the border area with his unit. One day, an informer gave a message that terrorists had entered a school and were threatening to blow it up if some of their terrorist prisoners were not released. The major entered the school premises along with other soldiers but was shocked to see the terrorists armed with the latest weapons. Soon the firing started; the terrorists had an advantageous position and immediately shot down a few soldiers without caring for their lives. Major Chandra entered the school and started firing, which led to the killing of the terrorists, and he got badly injured. Though the Major has recovered, he still gets flashbacks and recurring nightmares.

Identify the official manual that is currently in use to classify various kinds of psychological disorders:

The correct option is DSM V.

Explanation:

The passage describes a scenario where Major Chandra experiences flashbacks and recurring nightmares after a traumatic combat situation. These are classic symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a recognized psychological disorder.

To classify and diagnose various psychological disorders, mental health professionals rely on official diagnostic manuals. The primary manuals used globally are:

1. DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders): Published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the fifth edition (DSM-5 or DSM V) is currently one of the most widely used manuals for classifying psychological disorders.
2. ICD (International Classification of Diseases): Published by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is currently in its 11th revision (ICD-11), making options like "ICD V" incorrect.

Among the given options:

- DSM V represents the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, which is a major official manual currently in use.
- ICD V (ICD-5) is obsolete, as the current version is ICD-11.
- GSM IV and ISM V are not standard or recognized manuals for classifying psychological disorders.

Therefore, DSM V is the correct classification manual among the choices provided.