Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Major Chandra, an infantry soldier, was posted in the border area with his unit. One day, an informer gave a message that terrorists had entered a school and were threatening to blow it up if some of their terrorist prisoners were not released. The major entered the school premises along with other soldiers but was shocked to see the terrorists armed with the latest weapons. Soon the firing started; the terrorists had an advantageous position and immediately shot down a few soldiers without caring for their lives. Major Chandra entered the school and started firing, which led to the killing of the terrorists, and he got badly injured. Though the Major has recovered, he still gets flashbacks and recurring nightmares.

Which of the following is also a type of Trauma and Stress-Related Disorder?

The correct option is Adjustment Disorders.

Step-by-step Explanation:

1. Analyzing the Context of the Passage:
The passage describes Major Chandra experiencing flashbacks and recurring nightmares after surviving a highly traumatic combat situation. These clinical features are primary symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Under modern classification systems like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), PTSD is categorized under the group of Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.

2. Identifying Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders:
This category includes disorders where exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is listed explicitly as a diagnostic criterion. The main disorders in this group are:
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
- Adjustment Disorders
- Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
- Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

3. Understanding Adjustment Disorders:
Adjustment disorders are characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop in response to an identifiable stressor (such as divorce, financial difficulties, or moving) within three months of the onset of the stressor. Because the condition is directly triggered by an external stressor, it is classified under the Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders category.

4. Evaluating the Other Options:
- Somatic Symptom Disorder: Involves an excessive focus on physical symptoms (such as pain or fatigue) that causes significant distress and impairment. It is classified under Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders.
- Separation Anxiety Disorder: Characterized by excessive and developmentally inappropriate fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures. It is classified under Anxiety Disorders.
- Social Anxiety Disorder: Characterized by an intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others in social or performance situations. It is classified under Anxiety Disorders.

Therefore, among the choices provided, only Adjustment Disorders belongs to the class of Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders.