Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of Harijans’ in his political and social programme? [Modern History]

The correct option is The Poona Pact.

Step-by-step Explanation:

1. Background of the Communal Award: In August 1932, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award, which established separate electorates for the "Depressed Classes" (untouchables), treating them as a minority community separate from the Hindu fold.

2. Gandhiji's Opposition and Fast: Mahatma Gandhi strongly opposed this division, believing that separate electorates would permanently segregate the untouchables from the mainstream Hindu society and hinder the eradication of untouchability itself. To protest this decision, Gandhiji began a fast unto death in September 1932 while imprisoned in Yerwada Jail, Poona.

3. The Poona Pact (September 1932): To save Gandhiji's life, leaders of the Depressed Classes (led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar) and caste Hindu leaders negotiated and signed the Poona Pact on September 24, 1932. Under this agreement, the demand for separate electorates was abandoned in favor of reserved seats for the Depressed Classes within the general Hindu electorate, significantly increasing their representation.

4. Shift in Gandhiji's Focus: Following the Poona Pact, Gandhiji deeply felt the need for active social reform to dismantle the practice of untouchability. He launched a nationwide campaign against untouchability, founded the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932, and started the weekly publication "Harijan" (meaning "Children of God") in 1933. This marked the official inclusion and prioritization of the upliftment of "Harijans" in his political and social programmes.