The Adi Dharma Movement in India belonged to which category of social movement?

The correct option is Caste Based Movement.

The Adi Dharma movement emerged in the early 20th century in India, primarily in Punjab, led by figures like Babu Mangoo Ram. The movement was launched by the untouchables (Dalits) of the region to carve out a distinct religious and social identity separate from mainstream Hinduism and other dominant religions.

The core objective of the movement was to reject the oppressive caste hierarchy of the Hindu social order, which relegated Dalits to the lowest status. By claiming to be the "original inhabitants" (Adi) and asserting their own distinct religious heritage (Dharma), the followers aimed to gain self-respect, social equality, and political rights. Thus, it is classified as a Caste Based Movement aimed at reforming and challenging caste-based discrimination and stratification.