The Buddha regarded the ’social world’ as the creation of:

The correct option is Humans.

According to early Buddhist teachings, particularly found in texts like the Aggañña Sutta of the Digha Nikaya, the Buddha presented a socio-evolutionary view of the world. Rather than attributing the origins of the social order, social hierarchies, and political institutions to divine creation (such as by Lord Brahma or Lord Vishnu) or celestial bodies (planets), the Buddha explained that the social world and its structures are human creations.

He argued that society, along with concepts like property, family, and kingship, emerged gradually due to human actions, desires, and historical developments. Over time, as human moral standards changed and needs arose, people collectively established rules, divisions of labor, and governance systems. Therefore, the social world is viewed as a product of human agency and historical processes rather than divine design.