Question Details

The electric field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
Ez = 60 cos ( 5x + 1.5 × 109 t ) V/m.
Then expression for the corresponding magnetic field is (here subscripts denote the direction of the field):

Options

A

Bₓ = 2 × 10⁻⁷ cos(5x + 1.5 × 10⁹ t) T

B

Bz = 60 cos(5x + 1.5 × 10⁹ t) T

C

By = 60 sin(5x + 1.5 × 10⁹ t) T

D

By = 2 × 10⁻⁷ cos(5x + 1.5 × 10⁹ t) T

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Correct Answer :

Option D

By = 2 × 10⁻⁷ cos(5x + 1.5 × 10⁹ t) T

By = 2 × 10⁻⁷ cos(5x + 1.5 × 10⁹ t) T

Solution :

To find the corresponding magnetic field of the plane electromagnetic wave, we can analyze the given equation for the electric field:

Ez = 60 cos ( 5 x + 1.5 × 109 t )  V/m

From this equation, we can identify the following parameters of the wave:

1. The wave propagates along the negative x-direction, since the phase term is of the form kx+ωt where the propagation vector is k=-5i^ rad/m.
2. The angular frequency is ω=1.5×109 rad/s.
3. The amplitude of the electric field is E0=60 V/m.
4. The electric field oscillates along the z-axis (indicated by the subscript in Ez), so its direction is E=Ezk^.

Now, let's determine the direction of the magnetic field B. For an electromagnetic wave, the direction of propagation is given by the cross product of the electric field unit vector and the magnetic field unit vector:
c^ = E^ × B^

Substituting the unit vectors we know:
- i^ = k^ × B^

Using vector cross-product rules, we know that k^×j^=-i^. Therefore, the magnetic field vector must point along the positive y-direction (j^). This means the magnetic field has only a y-component, By.

Next, we calculate the amplitude of the magnetic field (B0). The relationship between the electric field amplitude and the magnetic field amplitude in a medium is:
v = ω k = E0 B0

Let's find the speed of the wave v:
v = 1.5 × 10 9 5 = 3 × 10 8  m/s

Now, calculate B0:
B0 = E0 v = 60 3 × 10 8 = 2 × 10 - 7  T

Since the magnetic field is in phase with the electric field, it shares the same cosine argument. Writing the expression for By gives:
By = 2 × 10 - 7 cos ( 5 x + 1.5 × 10 9 t )  T

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