Question Details

The function f (x) = 1 12 ( 3 x4 + 4 x3 12 x2 )  decreases in


Options

A

( , 2 ) ( 0 , 1 )

B

( , 2 ]

C

[ 2 , 0 ]

D

( , 2 ] [ 0 , 1 ]

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option A

( , 2 ) ( 0 , 1 )

Solution :

The correct option is:
( - , - 2 ) ( 0 , 1 )

Step-by-step Explanation:

A function f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on an interval where its first derivative is negative, i.e., f ( x ) < 0 .

First, let us write down the given function:
f ( x ) = 1 12 ( 3 x 4 + 4 x 3 - 12 x 2 )

Now, we find the first derivative of the function with respect to x :
f ( x ) = 1 12 d d x ( 3 x 4 + 4 x 3 - 12 x 2 )
Using the power rule for differentiation:
f ( x ) = 1 12 ( 12 x 3 + 12 x 2 - 24 x )
Simplifying the expression by dividing each term inside the parenthesis by 12:
f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 - 2 x

To analyze the intervals of decrease, we factor the derivative:
f ( x ) = x ( x 2 + x - 2 )
Factoring the quadratic term x 2 + x - 2 :
x 2 + x - 2 = ( x + 2 ) ( x - 1 )
Thus, the fully factored derivative is:
f ( x ) = x ( x + 2 ) ( x - 1 )

Next, we determine the critical points where f ( x ) = 0 :
x = - 2 , x = 0 , and x = 1

These critical points divide the real line into four intervals:
1. ( - , - 2 )
2. ( - 2 , 0 )
3. ( 0 , 1 )
4. ( 1 , )

We test the sign of f ( x ) in each of these intervals:

- For the interval ( - , - 2 ) , choose x = - 3 :
f ( - 3 ) = ( - 3 ) ( - 3 + 2 ) ( - 3 - 1 ) = ( - 3 ) ( - 1 ) ( - 4 ) = - 12 < 0 (Decreasing)

- For the interval ( - 2 , 0 ) , choose x = - 1 :
f ( - 1 ) = ( - 1 ) ( - 1 + 2 ) ( - 1 - 1 ) = ( - 1 ) ( 1 ) ( - 2 ) = 2 > 0 (Increasing)

- For the interval ( 0 , 1 ) , choose x = 0.5 :
f ( 0.5 ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 0.5 + 2 ) ( 0.5 - 1 ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 2.5 ) ( - 0.5 ) = - 0.625 < 0 (Decreasing)

- For the interval ( 1 , ) , choose x = 2 :
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) ( 2 + 2 ) ( 2 - 1 ) = ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 1 ) = 8 > 0 (Increasing)

Comparing the signs, the derivative f ( x ) is negative in the intervals:
( - , - 2 ) ( 0 , 1 )

Therefore, the function decreases in:
( - , - 2 ) ( 0 , 1 )

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