The primary goal of learning should be :

The correct option is development of critical thinking.

Explanation:

The primary purpose of modern education and effective learning is to empower learners to think independently, analyze information, evaluate evidence, and solve complex problems. This cognitive process is known as critical thinking.

Let's evaluate the given options:

1. Memorization of facts and becoming excellent at rote rehearsal: Passive memorization and rote learning limit a student's ability to apply knowledge in real-world scenarios or adapt to new situations. Learning goes beyond merely retaining information without comprehension.

2. Competing with peers: While healthy peer interaction can foster growth, making competition the main objective of learning can create anxiety, discourage collaboration, and shift focus away from personal intellectual growth and understanding.

3. Development of critical thinking: Encouraging learners to question assumptions, analyze concepts deeply, and synthesize ideas fosters meaningful and lifelong learning, making it the primary goal of education.