The teacher observed that Pravin could not write a paragraph on her own even after brainstorming the topic. However, she was able to write it under adult or peer guidance. This guidance is called _____.

The correct option is Scaffolding.

Explanation:
In educational psychology, specifically within Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development, the temporary support given by a teacher, adult, or more knowledgeable peer during the learning process is known as scaffolding.

Key Concepts:
1. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): This refers to the distance between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
2. Scaffolding: It involves providing tailored assistance (such as hints, prompts, breaking tasks into manageable steps, or modeling) to help the student master the task. As the learner becomes more competent, this guidance is gradually removed, allowing them to perform independently.

In this scenario, Pravin is unable to write the paragraph completely on her own, but with adult or peer guidance, she successfully completes it. This temporary assistance offered to facilitate learning is precisely defined as scaffolding.