Question Details

The total number of real solutions of the equation
θ = tan 1 ( 2 tan θ ) 1 2 sin 1 ( 6 tan θ 9 + tan 2 θ ) is
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions s in 1 x and  tan 1 x assume values in [ π 2 , π 2 ] and ( π 2 , π 2 ) , respectively.)

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Correct Answer :

3

Solution :

To find the total number of real solutions of the equation:
θ = tan 1 ( 2 tan θ ) 1 2 sin 1 ( 6 tan θ 9 + tan 2 θ )

Let x = tan θ . First, let us simplify the term inside the inverse sine function:
6 tan θ 9 + tan 2 θ = 6 x 9 + x 2 = 2 ( x / 3 ) 1 + ( x / 3 ) 2

We use the standard property of the inverse sine function:
sin 1 ( 2 u 1 + u 2 ) = 2 tan 1 ( u )  for  | u | 1
Here, u = x 3 . Let us check the case where | u | 1 , which corresponds to | tan θ | 3 .

Under this condition, the term simplifies to:
1 2 sin 1 ( 6 x 9 + x 2 ) = 1 2 · 2 tan 1 ( x 3 ) = tan 1 ( x 3 )

Substituting this back into the original equation, we get:
θ = tan 1 ( 2 x ) tan 1 ( x 3 )

Since the range of tan 1 ( 2 x ) is ( π 2 , π 2 ) and the range of tan 1 ( x 3 ) is also ( π 2 , π 2 ) , the RHS lies within ( π , π ) . For any solution, we must have θ ( π 2 , π 2 ) for the tangent function on the LHS to be defined. Taking the tangent of both sides:
tan θ = tan tan 1 ( 2 x ) tan 1 ( x 3 )
x = 2 x x 3 1 + 2 x · x 3
x = 5 x 3 1 + 2 x 2 3
x = 5 x 3 + 2 x 2

Rearranging this equation:
x ( 3 + 2 x 2 ) = 5 x
3 x + 2 x 3 5 x = 0
2 x 3 2 x = 0
2 x ( x 2 1 ) = 0

This yields three real values for x :
x = 0 ,   x = 1 ,  and  x = 1

All three values satisfy our initial assumption | x | 3 . Let us find the corresponding values of θ in the principal domain ( π 2 , π 2 ) :
1. For x = 0 tan θ = 0 θ = 0 .
2. For x = 1 tan θ = 1 θ = π 4 .
3. For x = 1 tan θ = 1 θ = π 4 .

Analyzing the alternative intervals (e.g. | u | > 1 ) yields no further valid real solutions. Therefore, the total number of real solutions of the equation is 3.

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