Theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings is :

The correct answer is Approach.

To understand why "Approach" is the correct term, we can look at the hierarchy of language teaching methodology established by educators like Edward Anthony and later refined by Jack Richards and Theodore Rodgers. This hierarchy consists of three levels: approach, design (or syllabus), and procedure (or technique).

1. Approach: This is the most theoretical level. An approach refers to the theories about the nature of language (what language is) and the nature of language learning (how people learn languages). It serves as the philosophical and theoretical source of practices and principles in language teaching.
2. Syllabus (or Design): This level links theory (approach) with practice. It specifies the content to be taught, the order in which it will be presented, and the learning objectives.
3. Technique (or Procedure): This is the most practical level. A technique is a specific classroom activity, device, or exercise used to accomplish an immediate objective. It must be consistent with an overall method and approach.

Therefore, the theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, language learning, and their pedagogical applicability define an Approach.