Two statements are given, followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All tablets are medicines.
Some medicines are ointments.
Conclusions:
I. Some tablets are ointments.
II. All ointments are medicines.
Correct Answer :
Neither conclusion I nor II follows
Solution :
The correct answer is Neither conclusion I nor II follows.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
Given Statements:
1. All tablets are medicines. (Universal Affirmative - Type A)
2. Some medicines are ointments. (Particular Affirmative - Type I)
Analysis of Conclusion I: "Some tablets are ointments."
- Statement 1 tells us that the entire class of "tablets" is included within "medicines".
- Statement 2 tells us that there is an overlap between "medicines" and "ointments".
- However, the subset of "medicines" that overlaps with "ointments" may or may not include any "tablets".
- Since there is no definite relationship established between "tablets" and "ointments", Conclusion I does not logically follow.
Analysis of Conclusion II: "All ointments are medicines."
- Statement 2 tells us that "Some medicines are ointments."
- By standard conversion rules of categorical logic, a Particular Affirmative statement ("Some A are B") converts to "Some B are A" ("Some ointments are medicines").
- It does not imply that all ointments are medicines.
- Therefore, Conclusion II does not logically follow.
Conclusion:
Since neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II logically follows from the given statements, the correct option is Neither conclusion I nor II follows.
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