Question Details

Two statements are given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.


Statements:

All cards are plastics.

Some plastics are woods.


Conclusions:

I. Some cards are woods.

II. No card is a wood.

Options

A

Only conclusion II follows

B

Neither conclusion I nor II follows

C

Only conclusion I follows

D

Either conclusion I or II follows

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option D

Either conclusion I or II follows

Solution :

To determine which of the conclusions logically follow from the given statements, we can analyze the relationships using set theory or Venn diagrams.

Step 1: Analyze the Statements
1. "All cards are plastics." This means the set of cards is entirely contained within the set of plastics.
2. "Some plastics are woods." This means there is an intersection between the set of plastics and the set of woods. However, this statement does not specify whether the set of woods intersects with the set of cards.

Step 2: Evaluate the Conclusions
- Conclusion I: "Some cards are woods." This represents a possibility, but it is not definitely true based on the statements. The set of woods could intersect with plastics without overlapping with cards.
- Conclusion II: "No card is a wood." This is also a possibility, but not a certainty. The set of woods could overlap with the cards within the plastic region.

Step 3: Analyze the Complementary Pair (Either-Or Case)
Since "Some cards are woods" and "No card is a wood" are contradictory statements that cover all possibilities regarding the relationship between cards and woods:
- Either cards and woods share some elements (Some cards are woods),
- Or they share no elements at all (No card is a wood).
Because both conclusions have the same subject ("cards") and predicate ("woods"), and they form a complementary pair (I-type and E-type propositions), one of them must be true. Therefore, either conclusion I or II must follow.

Thus, the correct option is Either conclusion I or II follows.

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